Science Notes: Properties of Matter Flashcards
What are obeservable physical properties of matter?
Observable properties are ‘observable without changing the substance,’ such as ‘color, state (solid, liquid, gas), odor, taste, luster, texture, hardness, malleability, ductility.’
What are measurable physical properties?
Measurable physical properties include ‘mass, volume, density, boiling point, melting point, solubility, conductivity.’
What are chemical properties of matter?
Chemical properties are ‘observed during a chemical change,’ such as ‘reactivity with other substances, flammability, corrosion, oxidation, decomposition, synthesis.’
What are the two types of pure substances?
Pure substances are substances that are made up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or constant structure.
They can be:
1. An element is a substance that consists of only one type or kind of atom.
2. Compounds, on the other hand, are also pure substances when two or more elements are combined chemically in a fixed ratio.
What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures? Provide one example of each.
Homogeneous mixtures: ‘Uniform composition throughout.’ Example: ‘air, saltwater, sugar water.’
Heterogeneous mixtures: ‘Non-uniform composition.’ Example: ‘pizza, salad, oil and water.’
Describe the three states of matter and how their particles are arranged.
Solid: ‘Definite shape and volume, particles are tightly packed.’
Liquid: ‘Definite volume, takes the shape of its container, particles are close together but can move.’
Gas: ‘No definite shape or volume, particles are far apart and move freely.’
Define density.
Density is ‘mass per unit volume (mass/volume).’
What determines whether an object will float or sink?
‘An object with a density less than the fluid will float.’
What is a chemical reaction?
A chemical reaction is ‘a process where substances transform into different substances.’
Name two pieces of evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred.
Evidence of a chemical reaction includes ‘formation of a precipitate (solid), gas production, color change, energy release or absorption.’
What is the difference between extensive and intensive properties? Provide one example of each.
Extensive Properties: ‘Depend on the amount of matter present.’ Example: ‘mass, volume, weight, length, area.’
Intensive Properties: ‘Do not depend on the amount of matter present.’ Example: ‘color, odor, taste, density, hardness, boiling point, melting point, conductivity.’
What is solubility?
Solubility is ‘the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.’
Define malleability and ductility.
Malleability: ‘The ability to be hammered into thin sheets.’
Ductility: ‘The ability to be drawn into wires.’
What is oxidation?
Oxidation is ‘a chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons.’
What is synthesis in chemical reactions?
Synthesis is ‘a chemical reaction where two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex substance.’
