Science Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is thermal equilibrium?
Thermal equilibrium is the state when two substances in contact reach the same temperature, and heat no longer flows between them.
How does heat flow between two substances with different temperatures?
Heat flows from the substance with a higher temperature to the substance with a lower temperature.
What happens when two substances reach thermal equilibrium?
When thermal equilibrium is reached, the temperatures of the two substances are the same, and no heat flows between them.
How does heat from the Sun impact the water cycle?
Heat from the Sun provides energy for water to evaporate from Earth’s surface and enter the atmosphere.
What role does heat play in the formation of clouds?
As water vapor cools, it condenses into tiny droplets to form clouds.
How does heat cause ice to melt and water to flow downhill?
Heat causes ice to absorb energy, melt into liquid water, and flow downhill due to gravity.
What happens to rain as it falls through cold air?
Rain loses heat and can freeze into ice as it falls through cold air.
What are the three states of matter, and how are particles arranged in each?
The three states of matter are: Solid: Particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place. Liquid: Particles are loosely packed and move past each other. Gas: Particles are far apart and move quickly.
How does adding heat affect the state of matter?
Adding heat increases particle motion, which can change matter from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas.
What is the difference between a solid, liquid, and gas in terms of particle movement?
In solids, particles are tightly packed and vibrate. In liquids, particles move more freely but remain in contact. In gases, particles move quickly and spread apart.
What is thermal energy, and how does it relate to particle motion?
Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, related to their motion.
What happens to a substance’s state of matter when thermal energy is added?
Adding thermal energy increases particle motion, potentially causing a phase change, such as melting or boiling.
What does it mean when matter undergoes a physical change?
A physical change occurs when matter changes its state (e.g., solid to liquid) without altering its chemical composition.
How is kinetic energy related to temperature and particle motion?
Higher kinetic energy results in faster particle motion, which raises temperature and can change the state of matter.
