Science may x Biology unit 2 Flashcards
What is the name of the chemicals that break down proteins
enzymes
What is the name of the gas produced in respiration
carbon dioxide
What is the name of the movement of gases from high to low concentration
diffusion
What organelle is where respiration takes place
mitochondria
What is the tube that connects the mouth and nose to the lungs
trachea
What is the tube that branch off into each lung
Bronchi
What is the name of the many tubes that branch off in the lungs
Bronchioles
What is the name of the air sacs in the lungs
alveoli
How does oxygen get transported around the body
red blood cells
How does oxygen move from the alveoli to the bloodstream
diffusion
What is the name of the muscle that controls breathing
diaphgram
What is the name of the chemicals that break down proteins
enzymes
What is the name of the gas needed for respiration
oxygen
What is the name of the gas produced in respiration
carbon dioxide
What organelle is where respiration takes place
mitochondria
What is the name of the movement of gases from high to low concentration
diffusion
Which organelle contains the most genetic information
nucleus
Which organelle controls what enters and leaves the cell
cell membrane
Which part of the cell is where chemical reactions take place
cytoplasm
What is the life process that takes place in the mitochondria
respiration
What is the name of the chemical genes are made from
DNA
What does every human cell nucleus contain 23 pairs of
chromosomes
What is the male gamete called
sperm cell
What is the female gamete called
egg cell
What is the name of the complete genetic information of an organism
genome
What is the name of the process where cells divide to make copies
mitosis
What enzyme breaks down starch
amylase
What substance is made when starch is broken down
sugar(glucose)
What enzyme breaks down protein
protease
What substance is made when protein is broken down
amino acids
What enzyme breaks down lipids (fats)
lipase
What substance is made when lipids (fats) are broken down
fatty acids
How many life processes are there
7
What organ is where digested food absorbed into the bloodstream
small intestine
What are the air sacs in the lungs called
alveoli
What are the products of respiration
carbon dioxide
water
What are the reactants of respiration
glucose
oxygen
What are the reactants of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide
water
What are the products in photosynthesis
oxygen
glucose
Where do plants get the energy from to undergo photosynthesis
light
What are the holes in a leaf called that let gases pass in and out
stomata
What is the green chemical called that absorbs sunlight in a leaf
chlorophyll
What is the process where gases move from high to low concentration
diffusion
What is the name of a membrane that only lets some substances through
partially permeable membrane
What substance is made when protein is broken down
amino acids
What enzyme breaks down lipids (fats)
lipase
What substance is made when lipids (fats) are broken down
fatty acids
What part of a plant cell contains chlorophyll
chloroplasts
What part of a plant cell is a storage for sap
vacuole
What are the two products of photosynthesis
oxygen
glucose
Where does the energy come from needed for photosynthesis
light
What are the parts of a cell called
organelles
What part of a cell controls what enters and leaves
cell membrane
What part of a cell contains the genetic material
nucleus
What part of a cell is where proteins are made
ribosomes
What part of a cell is where respiration happens
mitochondria
What part of a cell is where chemical reactions take place
cytoplasm
What are all living organisms made up of
cells
What is the job of a cell membrane
controls what enters and leaves the cell
What part of a microscope can be used to focus the image
fine focus wheel
What part of a microscope is used to see the image
eye piece lense
What part of a plant is where photosynthesis takes place
leaf
What part of a plant is where water and minerals are absorbed
roots
What part of a plant is where water, sugar and minerals are transported
stem
What part of a plant is where the reproductive structures are held
flower
what 2 substances are needed for photosynthesis in a plant
carbon dioxide
water
what 2 substances are made in photosynthesis
oxygen
glucose
what form is the energy taken in for photosynthesis to take place
light
what chemical found in palisade cells absorbs this energy for photosynthesis
chlorophyll
what organ in a plant is this chemical found in
leaf
why are microscopes needed to see cells
they are small
what is found at the bottom of a leaf that lets gases move in and out
stomata
what gas needs to move into a plant for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide
what gas moves out of a plant produced by photosynthesis
oxygen
a chemical change is easy to reverse, and you can get back what you started with
false
a physical change is reversible and you can get back what you started with
true
a new chemical substance is made in a physical change
false
what equipment is used to measure the temp in a expermient
thermometer
what can change in a chemical reaction that suggests that a chemical reaction has taken place
temp
colour
what can you observe in a chemical reaction that shows a gas has been produced
bubbles
what is the scientific name for the substances you start off with in a chemical reaction
reactants
what is the scientific name for the substances you make in a chemical reaction
product
what is the scientific name for the solid that dissolves in a liquid
solute
what is the scientific name for the liquid that a solid dissolves in
solvent
what is made when a solid dissolves in water
solution
capital letters are used in state symbols
false
state symbols are put in brackets
true
state symbols are found to the top right of a chemical formula
false
state symbol for a gas
g
state symbol for a liquid
l
state symbol for a solid
s
what is the chemical formula for CO2
carbon dioxide
what is the chemical formula for H2O
water
what is the chemical formula for Na2CO3(s)
sodium carbonate
what is the chemical formula for Na2CO3(aq)
sodium carbonate solution
what state will a substance be at a temparature above its boiling point
gas
what state will a substance be at below its melting point
solid
what state will a substance be at between its melting point and its boiling point
liquid
What colour does litmus paper turn in an acid
red
what colour does litmus paper turn in a base
blue
what happens when to litmus paper in a neutral substance
turns green
give an example of an acid
hydrochloric acid
example of base
sodium hydroxide
example of a neutral substance
water
which element is found in all acids
hydrogen
what is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid
HCl
l is lower case
what is the chemical formula for sulphuric acid
H2SO4
what is the chemical formula for nitric acid
HNO3
name of the chemical that can be used to find the pH of a substance
universal indicator
name of the piece of equipment that can be used to find the pH of a substance
pH probe
what type of substance has a pH below 7
acids
what type of substance has a pH above 7
alkaline
what typw of substance has a pH of 7
neutral
what is the name given to a base that can dissolve in water
alkali
all alkalis are bases
true
all bases are alkalis
false
why arent all bases alkalis
not all bases are soluble
pH is always a whole number
false
which of these substances would be a weaker acid, Acid a with a pH of 2.4 or Acid b with a pH of 5.3
acid b
which of these substances would be a stronger alkali , alkali a with a pH of 8.5 or alkali b with a pH of 13.2
alkali b
what colours can universal indicator turn when it is added to an acid
red, orange, yellow
what colours can universal indicator turn when it is added to an alkali
purple,blue
what colour can universal indicator turn when it is added to a neutral substance
green
what is the advantage of using universal indicator over litmus paper to identify an unknown substance
it can tell if it is strong or weak
What happens to the temp in an exothermic reaction
increases
What happens to the temp in an endothermic reaction
decreases
what happens to the energy in an exothermic reaction
energy is given out to surroundings
what happens to energy in an endothermic reaction
energy is taken in from surroundings
what is the name of the gas needed for respiration
oxygen
What is the reactivity series of metals
potassium,sodium
calcium,magnesium
aluminisium
(carbon)
zinc
iron
tin
lead
(hydrogen)
jewellery
copper
silver
gold
expensive platinum
what group of metals are the most reactive
1
when does a displacement reaction occur
when a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal
sodium chloride+potassium=
potassium chloride +sodium
what happens when acid reacts with metal
temp increases
why does the temp increase when acid reacts with metals
exothermic reaction
the more reactive the metal …
the bigger the increase
what are the products when an acid reacts with metals
hydrogen gas and a metal compound
what is the general equation for acid reacting with metals
metal + acid – metal compound +hydrogen
hydrochloric acid - metal compound name ends with …
chloride
sulphuric acid - metal compound name ends with …
sulphate
what is a neutralisation reaction
a reaction between an acid and an alkali
what is the end point of a neutralisation reaction
a neutral substance
what do acids have a pH lower than
7
what does a neutral substance have a pH of
7
what do alkalis have a pH above
7
what is the general equation for a neutralisation reaction
acid + alkali – metal compound +water
what is a catalyst
a chemical that speeds up reactions
what 2 types of catalysts are there
chemical catalyst and biological catalyst
chemical catalyst is
outside living things found in catalytic converters
biological catalyst is
chemical inside living things that speed up reaction, ENZYMES
what does acid rain affect
living organisms as well as materials
what are the charged particles that transfer energy electrically
electrons
what do electrons transfer as they move
energy
what is a loop/path that allows charged particles to move called
circuit
what type of materials must components be made from
conductors
what are materials called that dont let charged particles flow through them
insulators
which part of the circuit contains charged particles that move
wire
which part of the circuit supplies the energy to be transferred
battery
which part of the circuit transfers the energy as light
bulb
what is a circuit called which is made up of 1 loop with no gaps
complete circuit
what is a circuit called which is made up of a loop with gaps or insulators
incomplete circuit
what is the flow of charge in a circuit called
current
what is an x inside circle a symbol of
bulb
what is the symbol -|-|-
battery
what is the symbol —-
wire
what is the symbol -A-
the A is in a circle
ammeter
what is current like at all point in a circuit
the same
what are the units to measure current
amps
what piece of equipment is used to measure current
ammeter
what is a circuit called that is made up of one loop
series circuit
what piece of equipment is used to measure potential difference
voltmeter
what are the units used to measure potential difference
volts
what happens to total potential difference in a series circuit
stays same
how many loops do parallel circuits have
more than 1
how many routes does current have in a series circuit
1
which component is used to measure current
ammeter
what part of a circuit supplies energy from its chemical energy store
battery
when charges move faster in a circuit, what has happened to current
increases
what is the name of reaction when an acid reacts with an alkali
neutralisation reaction
what are the 2 gases that cause acid rain
sulphur dioxide
nitrogen oxide
what happens when acid rain affects trees
tree loses leaves then dies
how can acid rain affect statues and buildings
the stone that the building / statue is made from is worn away
when fossil fuels such as … are burned an acidic gas called ………… is released in to the air
when fossil fuels such as coal are burned an acidic gas called sulphur dioxide is released in to the air
another acidic gas is ….. oxide
another acidic gas is nitrogen oxide
these gases can ….. in rain ….
these gases can dissolve in rain clouds
the rain that falls from these clouds is ……………….
the rain that falls from these clouds is acid rain
what units do we use to measure temp
degrees celsius
in the experiment when you added water to anhydrous copper sulphate, what were the 2 signs that a chemical change had taken place
temp and colour change
in the experiment when u added bicarbonate of soda to acid, bubbles were seen being produced. what does the show was made in the experiment
a gas
the reactants at the start of an experiment had a temp of 14 degrees at the end it had a temp of 21 degrees. what was the temp change
increase of 7 degrees
what do we call a measure of how hard it is for current to flow
resistance
what does a bad conductor have
high resistance
component a has 2 amps
component b has 1 amp
which would have the higher resistnace
component b has the highest resistance and the smallest current flowing through it
component a has 2 amps
component b has 4 amps
which is the best conductor
component b has the best conductor and the most current flowing through it
why are conductors good at transfering energy electrically
contain electrons that are free to move
give an example of a material that is used to make wires as it is a good conductor
copper
what is current
flow of charge
what is potential difference
energy transferred per charge
what is resistance
a measure of how hard it is for current to flow
how can the resistance of a component be calculated
what equation
resistance = potential difference divided by current
units to measure resitance
ohms
units to measure potential differnce
volts
units to measure current
amps
what is a microscopic cell
a small unit of living matter that is bounded by a cell memrane
what is an electrostatic force
when charges are brought together they feel a force , that is an electrostatic force
what happens when two of opposite charges are brought together
attract
what happens when two of the same charges are brought together
repel
what charge do electrons have
negative
what do you do to insulators to transfer electrons
rub them together
what causes materials to have an overall positive charge
lose electrons
what causes materials to have an overall negative charge
gain electrons
is the force that acts between charged objects a contact or non contact force
non contact
what is the name of the force that acts between charged particles
electrostatic
what is a circuit with 1 loop called
series circuit
what is a circuit with more than 1 loop called
parallel circuit
what are the 3 magnetic elements
Iron (Fe)
Cobalt (Co)
Nickel (Ni)
where on a magnet is it the strongest
poles of a magnet
what are the 2 poles on a magnet called
north pole and south pole
what metal are compass needles made from
iron
