science light and eyeballs Flashcards
what is force
a push or pull on a object
what is a wave
a disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space
what is a crest
highest part of wave
what is a trough
lowest part of wave
what is a wavelength
distance from one trough to the next, or crest to crest
whats a amplitude
height of the wave or the depth of it
what is a frequency
of oscilations that occur in a given time
what is a frequency measured in
hertz (Hz)
what is energy carried in
in a wave
what are the 2 wave types
transverse and compression
how do the transverse waves move
the waves are fairly far apart and they vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the wave
how do the compression waves move
they have extremely short wavelengths and they vibrate in the same direction of the waves
how can you remember the difference between the waves
think of compression like its in a compressed room and it causes the waves to become compressed.
what is white light made of
wavelengths
what happens when a white light goes through a prism
they refract and also become different colors.
which colors have shorter wave lengths
violet. everything up above it on the rainbow have slightly longer wave lengths.
what is the white light called when it separates into a rainbow
the visible spectrum
what is white a result of?
a mixture of all the colors
what happens when a light hits a object
it will be reflected or absorbed. only reflected light can be seen
what are the primary additive colors
red green blue combine to produce all colors of the rainbow.
what are the secondary additive colors
magenta, cyan, yellow
what does visible light cause
electromagnetic radiation and also causes the electrical and magnetic fields to vibrate
what are radio waves
the longest wavelength of EM radiation and has the lowest energy
what are microwaves (not the food heater)
have shorter wavelengths than radio waves. used in satellite talking
what are infrared rays
radiate heat, emitted by all objects ; more warm object means more infrared waves than cooler objects. they are used in remote controls and CD readers
what is ultraviolet light
very energetic and causes cancer, fluorescent materials absorb UV light and emit it as visible light, kills bacteria
explain X rays (not the machine)
have very short wavelengths and used to see bones and inside luggage
explain gamma rays
shortest wavelength and highest energy
what is light made out of
photons
how do photons travel
straight lines away from the light source
what is transparent, translucent, and opaque mean
transparent transmits light waves, translucent lets some out and some in, and opaque osorbs or reflects
how are shadows made
the light is blocked by a object forcing the photons to bounce and go anywhere but the blocking object
what is it called when a light bounced off a object
reflected