Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Earth Science > Flashcards

Earth Science Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what was the super continent called before it broke up into countries

A

Pangaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what happened to Pangaea

A

it broke up into lots of pieces because of continental drift years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

list some evidence about Pangaea breaking

A

mountains on north america and west Europe are similar, coal deposits found in Antarctica ( now to cold for plants though), evidence of glaciers in Africa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

whats under the sea that relates to this subject

A

undersea moutains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

whats interesting about the rocks in the undersea mountains

A

the are younger than the rocks from the ocean floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why do tectonic plates move

A

because of connection currents in the semi-fluid layer of rocks beneath the plates (the mantle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

whats magma

A

molten rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happens when magma is rising

A

pushing plates apart at spreading centres in oceans and the colder and denser magma near the surface sinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what keps mantle molten warm

A

decay of radioactive elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

explain a earth crust

A

outer, mostly solid rock layer, made from granite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is oceanic crust made of

A

made from basalt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

explain the mantle

A

dense, upper part is brittle, lower part is molten rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the mantle rich in

A

iron, magnesium, silicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what’s in the outer core

A

liquid iron and nickel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what’s in the inner core

A

solid iron and nickel because of pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the lithosphere

A

makes up the tectonic plates, crust and mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is asthenosphere

A

makes up molten layer beneath plates, lower mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens to the temperature the deeper you go into the earth crust

A

it becomes hotter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where does the earth’s heat come from

A

radioactive element decay, friction between rock masses in the crust and mantle, heat left over from the planet formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does the earth lose heat to outer space

A

because rock is not a good heat conductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 3 plate boundaries

A

divergent, convergent, transform boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

explain divergent boundaries

A

where the plates spread apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is oceanic crust made

A

basaltic lava flows from the ridges that are made by the divergent boundaries and it makes it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what’s a convergent boundary

A

where 2 plates collide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

name the 3 different kinds of convergent boundaries

A

continental-continental, continental-oceanic, oceanic oceanic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

explain C-C boundary

A

when the continental plates collide, neither is dense enough to be pushed down, so the land will buckle.

27
Q

explain C-O boundary

A

when one of the plates thats colliding is pushed down into the mantle because of the oceanic plate

28
Q

explain O-O boundary

A

when 2 oceanic plates collide, one plate subducts beneath the other plate

29
Q

is the O plate more dense or is the C plate more dense

A

C plate

30
Q

what is always happening to O plates?

A

always being recycled

31
Q

explain a transform boundary

A

where 2 plates slide by each other

32
Q

how does magma form

A

whenever the temperature and pressure is high enough to melt rock

33
Q

explain how a volcano works

A

melted rock rises becoming more dense than surrounding rock, then the magma moves up and if it reaches the surface it will blow

34
Q

how does a eruption happen

A

when the magma comes up, the pressure is reduced and all the dissolved gas comes up as bubbles, bubbles expand and explode basically erupting.

35
Q

what is ash

A

gritty sand particles from a volcano. sometimes can block the sky making the surrounding area cooler

36
Q

what is lava

A

simpler name for magma

37
Q

what is pyroclastic flow

A

destructive mix of superheated mix of ash, gas, debris. moves fast

38
Q

what is lahar

A

flow of mud, water, ash, and debris that happens if volcano is snow covered

39
Q

explain a composite volcano

A

a common kind of volcano that erupt normally, cone shaped

40
Q

explain a divergent boundary volcano

A

lava flows out of them at mid ocean ridge. sometimes they will rise above water to make an island

41
Q

explain a shield volcano

A

sometimes, extremely high temps are found beneath the middle of oceanic plates where there is high concentration of radioactive elements. the magma rises up and makes a ring of islands. the magma keeps going on making new islands, each one becoming bigger and bigger. the islands also each have a volcano on them. the best example of this is hawaii

42
Q

What’s is a earthquake

A

Shaking in the ground from a result of sudden energy in the earths crust

43
Q

What is the focus

A

Location where the energy is released beneath the earth

44
Q

What is the epicentre

A

Point on surface that’s above focus

45
Q

Where do earthquakes occur

A

At various depths in the earth

46
Q

What makes earthquakes cause more damage

A

Nearer to the surface means the bigger it is

47
Q

What is the cause of earthquakes

A

Rock masses on the side of a fault are pushing past each other and they bend and compress until there is so much energy stored it overecomes the friction of the rocks. It’s then released as kinetic energy called an earthquake

48
Q

What are the 3 waves called

A

Primary, secondary, and surface (other name is love) waves

49
Q

How do P waves move

A

By moving in the same direction of the wave

50
Q

Where do P waves move

A

Through solid and liquid

51
Q

Where S waves move

A

Perpendicular to the wave

52
Q

Where do S waves move

A

Only solids

53
Q

What is the motion for a love wave

A

Ground motion is a rolling action like ripples on a pond

54
Q

In what order do the waves come during a earthquake

A

P wave, S wave, last is love wave

55
Q

What is a seismometer

A

Instrument that measures ground motion resulting from earthquakes and produces a zig zag tracing on paper

56
Q

What is a richter scale

A

Standardized scale of earthquake magnitude (shaking)

57
Q

What does each point represent

A

Vibrations that are ten times greater than the point below it

58
Q

What is ground shaking

A

Result of waves set in motion by earthquake

59
Q

What kind of vibrations are a buildings weaknes

A

Side to side. They often survive up and down

60
Q

Explain liquidfication

A

Vibrations cause ground to rise turning solid ground into a liquid like material

61
Q

Which buildings are at risk during liquidfication

A

Ones on bog muds or soft fill. Ones on rock are safe

62
Q

What’s a tsunami

A

Large ocean waves made when a earthquake happened underwater

63
Q

What are the names of the 3 plates subducting underneath the North America plate

A

Juan De Fuca, Explorer, and Gorda plate. They are the reason why bc will have a big earthquake

64
Q

Rift valley

A

A rift valley is formed on a divergent plate boundary, a crustal extension or spreading apart of the surface,which is subsequently further deepened by the forces of erosion.

Science (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions