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Science Key Terms Flashcards

0
Q

Qualitative Observation

A

an observation that cannot be expressed in numbers; how something feels, tastes, sounds, looks, or smells

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1
Q

Quantitative Observation

A

an observation dealing with a number or amount

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2
Q

Science

A

a way of learning about the natural world

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3
Q

Observing

A

Using one or more of your senses to gather information about the world

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4
Q

Inferring

A

Interperating observation

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5
Q

Predicting

A

Making a inferrance about a future event based on current evidence or oast experience.

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6
Q

Classifying

A

To put pieces of data or objects and to groups

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7
Q

Making models

A

A skill that scientists use to make sense of data

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8
Q

Communicate

A

Sharing information

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9
Q

Hypothesis

A

A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question.

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10
Q

Variable

A

Any factor that you can change in an experiment

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11
Q

Manipulated variable

A

The factor that you change.

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12
Q

Responding variable

A

The factor that changes as a result of manipulated belated

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13
Q

Controlled experiment

A

an experiment in which all factors except one are kept constant

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14
Q

Operational definition

A

A statement that describes how a particular variable is to be measured or how a term is to be defined

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15
Q

Data

A

Observations and measurements you make in an experiment

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16
Q

Conclusion

A

A statement that sums up what you have learned from an experiment

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17
Q

Scientific inquiry

A

The way scientists discover and explain things about the natural world

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18
Q

Scientific theory

A

A large set of related observations can be connected by single explanation.

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19
Q

Scientific law

A

A rule of nature; it has been verified over and over again.

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20
Q

A cell

A

A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing.

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21
Q

Cell membrane

A

The cell membrane forms the outside boundary of the cell.

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22
Q

Nucleus

A

The nucleus is the control center that directs the cell’s activity and contains The information that determines the cells form and function.

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23
Q

The cytoplasm

A

The material within the cell apart from the nucleus is called the cytoplasm.

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24
Q

A tissue

A

A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform same function.

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25
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Like the muscle cells that form it, muscle tissue can contract, or shorten.

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26
Q

Nervous tissue

A

While the muscle tissue carries out movement, the nervous tissue directs and controls the process.

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27
Q

Connective tissue

A

Another type of tissue, the connective tissue, provides support for your body and its parts.

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28
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

The surface cells of your body, inside and out, convered by the epithelial tissue.

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29
Q

Organ

A

An organ is a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue.

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30
Q

Organ system

A

Each organ in your body is part of an organ system, which is a group of organs that work together to perform a major function.

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31
Q

Homeostasis

A

All the systems of the body work together to maintain homeostasis, the body’s tendency keep an internal balance.

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32
Q

Stress

A

Stress is the reaction of your body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events.

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33
Q

Skeleton

A

The framework in your body that holds you up and makes you able to move around.

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34
Q

Vertebrae

A

26 small bones that make up your backbone.

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35
Q

Joint

A

A joint is a place in the body where two bones come together

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36
Q

Ligaments

A

The bones in movable joints are heald together by Strong connective tissues called ligaments.

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37
Q

Cartilage

A

Most joints have a second type of connective tissue called cartilage.

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38
Q

Compact bone

A

Beneath a bones outer membrane is a layer of compact which is hard and dense but not solid.

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39
Q

Spongy bone

A

Like a sponge, spongy bone has many small spaces within it.

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40
Q

Marrow

A

The spaces in many bones contain stuff connected tissue called Marrow.

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41
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A condition in which The bodies bones become weak and break easily.

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42
Q

Fracture

A

A break in the bone.

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43
Q

Dislocation

A

A dislocation occurs when the end of the bone comes out of its joint.

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44
Q

Sprain

A

Occurs when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places.

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45
Q

X-rays

A

X-rays are a form of energy that travels in waves like the light that your eyes can see.

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46
Q

Magnetic renaissance imaging

A

A Method for taking Clear images of bones and soft tissue.

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47
Q

Arthritis

A

A disease of the joints that makes movement painful.

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48
Q

Arthroscpoe

A

A slim tube shaped instumentto stick in the joint.

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49
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer layer of the skin.

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50
Q

Melanin

A

A pigment , Or colored substance, that gives your skin it’s color.

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51
Q

Dermis

A

The inner layer of the skin.

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52
Q

Pores

A

Openings that produce perspiration.

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53
Q

Follicles

A

Strands of hair growth within the dermis and structures called follicles.

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54
Q

Cancer

A

A disease in which some of the cells in the body decide uncontrollably.

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55
Q

Digestion

A

The process by which your body breaks down food into smaller nutrient molecules.

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56
Q

Absorption

A

The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood.

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57
Q

Saliva

A

The fluid released when your mouth waters.

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58
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in your body.

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59
Q

Epiglottis

A

A flap of tissue that seals off your windpipe.

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60
Q

Esophagus

A

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

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61
Q

Mucus

A

A thick slippery substance produced by the body.

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62
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary muscle contraction.

63
Q

Stomach

A

A J shaped muscular pouch located in the abdomen.

64
Q

Small intestine

A

The part of the digestive system where most of the chemical digestion takes place.

65
Q

Liver

A

Located in the upper right portion of the abdomen it is the largest organ inside the body.

66
Q

Bile

A

A substance that breaks up fat particles.

67
Q

Gallbladder

A

The organ that stores bile.

68
Q

Pancreas

A

A triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine.

69
Q

Villi

A

Tiny finger shaped structures.

70
Q

Large intestine

A

The last section of the digestive system.

71
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Consists of the heart, Blood vessels, and blood.

72
Q

Atrium

A

The two upper chambers that receives blood that comes into the heart.

73
Q

Ventricle

A

A chamber that pumps blood out of the heart.

74
Q

Valve

A

A flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards.

75
Q

Pacemaker

A

A group of cells that sends out signals that makes the heart muscles contract.

76
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from heart.

77
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny narrow vessels.

78
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

79
Q

Coronary arteries

A

The first branches of the blood system that carries the blood to the heart itself.

80
Q

Diffusion

A

The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

81
Q

Pulse

A

The artery rising and falling repeatedly.

82
Q

Blood pressure

A

A force exerted by blood.

83
Q

Plasma

A

The liquid part of blood.

84
Q

Hemoglobin

A

An iron containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules.

85
Q

White blood cells

A

The bodies disease fighters.

86
Q

Platelets

A

Cell fragments that plane important part informing blood clots.

87
Q

Lympathic system

A

A network of thing like vessels that’s returns the fluid to the Bloodstream.

88
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the buildup of fatty material.

89
Q

Heart attack

A

Occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked.

90
Q

Hypertension

A

A disorder in which a person’s blood pressure is constantly higher than normal—usually defined as greater than 140/90.

91
Q

Tar

A

The dark sticky substance that forms the tobacco is Burnt.

92
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

A colorless odorless gas.

93
Q

Nicotine

A

A stimulant drug that increases the activities of the nervous system and heart.

94
Q

Addiction

A

Physical dependence.

95
Q

Bronchitis

A

An irritation of the breathing passages in which the small passages become narrower than normal and maybe clogged with mucus.

96
Q

Excretion

A

Removal process in your body.

97
Q

Urea

A

A chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins.

98
Q

Urine

A

Watery fluid that contains urea and other wastes.

99
Q

Urinary bladder

A

A sack like muscular organ that stores urine.

100
Q

Urethra

A

A small tube where urine leaves the body.

101
Q

Nephrons

A

Tiny filtering factories that removes wastes from blood and produce urine.

102
Q

Pathogens

A

Organisms that cause disease.

103
Q

Infectious disease

A

A disease that is caused by the presence of a living thing within the body.

104
Q

Toxin

A

A poison.

105
Q

Phagocyte

A

A white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and destroys them by breaking them down.

106
Q

Immunity

A

The body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease.

107
Q

Active immunity

A

A reaction where the body has produced the antibodies that fight the disease pathogens.

108
Q

Vaccination

A

A process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into a persons body to produce active immunity.

109
Q

Vaccine

A

Pathogens that are weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system to go into action.

110
Q

Antibiotics

A

A chemical that kills bacteria or slows down their growth without harming body cells.

111
Q

Passive immunity

A

When antibodies are given to a person.

112
Q

Noninfectious diseases

A

Diseases not caused by pathogens in the body.

113
Q

Allergy

A

A disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance.

114
Q

Allergen

A

Any substance that causes a allergy.

115
Q

Histamine

A

A chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy.

116
Q

Asthma

A

A disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow significantly.

117
Q

Insulin

A

Enables body cells to take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy.

118
Q

Diabetes

A

A condition where the pancreas fails to produce insulin.

119
Q

Tumors

A

As cells divide over and over again they often form a tumor.

120
Q

Carcinogens

A

A cause of cancer.

121
Q

Stimulus

A

Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism reacts is called a stimulus.

122
Q

Response

A

What your body does in reaction to a stimulus.

123
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells.

124
Q

Nerve impulse

A

The message that the neuron carries.

125
Q

Dendrites

A

The parts of a neuron that carries impulses towards the neuron cell body.

126
Q

Axon

A

The part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body.

127
Q

Sensory neuron

A

A neuron that picks stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts it stimulus into a nerve impulse.

128
Q

Interneuron

A

In neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another.

129
Q

Motor neuron

A

A kind of neuron that since an impulse to a muscle or gland, and the muscle or gland reacts in response.

130
Q

Synapse

A

The junction where and when one neuron can transfer to another structure is called a synapse.

131
Q

Alcoholism

A

It is easy in which a person is both physically addicted to and emotionally dependent on alcohol.

132
Q

Anabolic steroids

A

Synthetic chemicals that are similar to hormones produced in the body.

133
Q

Stimulants

A

Cocaine and nicotine are examples of stimulants, they make the heart beat faster and make the breathing rate increase.

134
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that slow down to activity of the central nervous system.

135
Q

Withdrawal

A

A period of adjustment that occurs when a person stops taking a truck on which the body is dependent.

136
Q

Addiction

A

The body becomes physically dependent on the drug.

137
Q

Tolerance

A

A state in which a drug user needs larger and larger amounts of the drug to produce the same affect on the body

138
Q

Drug abuse

A

To look for miss use of drugs.

139
Q

Drug

A

Any chemicals taken into the body that causes changes in the persons body or behavior.

140
Q

Semicircular canals

A

The structures in the areas that are responsible for your sense of balance.

141
Q

Cochlea

A

A snail-shaped tube that is lined with the receptor cells that respond to sound.

142
Q

Eardrum

A

A membrane that vibrates from sound strikes it.

143
Q

Farsightedness

A

When people can see distant objects clearly and nearby objects are blurry.

144
Q

Nearsightedness

A

The opposite of farsightedness; where nearby objects are clear as where the distant objects are blurry.

145
Q

Lens

A

A flexible structure that focuses light.

146
Q

Cornea

A

The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye.

147
Q

Pupil

A

The opening through which light enters the eye.

148
Q

Iris

A

A circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

149
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Glands that produce stuff directly into the bloodstream.

150
Q

Hormone

A

The chemical product of the endocrine gland.

151
Q

Target cells

A

Cells that recognize the hormones chemical structure.

152
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A tiny part of the brain near the middle of the head.

153
Q

Pituitary gland

A

A gland that communicates with the hypothalamus to control many body activities.

154
Q

Negative feedback

A

A type of signal in a heating system.

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