Science Key Terms Flashcards
0
Q
Qualitative Observation
A
an observation that cannot be expressed in numbers; how something feels, tastes, sounds, looks, or smells
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Q
Quantitative Observation
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an observation dealing with a number or amount
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Q
Science
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a way of learning about the natural world
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Q
Observing
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Using one or more of your senses to gather information about the world
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Inferring
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Interperating observation
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Predicting
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Making a inferrance about a future event based on current evidence or oast experience.
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Classifying
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To put pieces of data or objects and to groups
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Q
Making models
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A skill that scientists use to make sense of data
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Communicate
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Sharing information
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Q
Hypothesis
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A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question.
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Q
Variable
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Any factor that you can change in an experiment
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Q
Manipulated variable
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The factor that you change.
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Q
Responding variable
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The factor that changes as a result of manipulated belated
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Controlled experiment
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an experiment in which all factors except one are kept constant
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Q
Operational definition
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A statement that describes how a particular variable is to be measured or how a term is to be defined
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Data
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Observations and measurements you make in an experiment
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Q
Conclusion
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A statement that sums up what you have learned from an experiment
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Scientific inquiry
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The way scientists discover and explain things about the natural world
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Scientific theory
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A large set of related observations can be connected by single explanation.
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Scientific law
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A rule of nature; it has been verified over and over again.
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A cell
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A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing.
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Q
Cell membrane
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The cell membrane forms the outside boundary of the cell.
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Nucleus
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The nucleus is the control center that directs the cell’s activity and contains The information that determines the cells form and function.
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Q
The cytoplasm
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The material within the cell apart from the nucleus is called the cytoplasm.
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A tissue
A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform same function.
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Muscle tissue
Like the muscle cells that form it, muscle tissue can contract, or shorten.
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Nervous tissue
While the muscle tissue carries out movement, the nervous tissue directs and controls the process.
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Connective tissue
Another type of tissue, the connective tissue, provides support for your body and its parts.
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Epithelial tissue
The surface cells of your body, inside and out, convered by the epithelial tissue.
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Organ
An organ is a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue.
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Organ system
Each organ in your body is part of an organ system, which is a group of organs that work together to perform a major function.
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Homeostasis
All the systems of the body work together to maintain homeostasis, the body's tendency keep an internal balance.
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Stress
Stress is the reaction of your body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events.
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Skeleton
The framework in your body that holds you up and makes you able to move around.
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Vertebrae
26 small bones that make up your backbone.
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Joint
A joint is a place in the body where two bones come together
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Ligaments
The bones in movable joints are heald together by Strong connective tissues called ligaments.
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Cartilage
Most joints have a second type of connective tissue called cartilage.
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Compact bone
Beneath a bones outer membrane is a layer of compact which is hard and dense but not solid.
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Spongy bone
Like a sponge, spongy bone has many small spaces within it.
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Marrow
The spaces in many bones contain stuff connected tissue called Marrow.
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Osteoporosis
A condition in which The bodies bones become weak and break easily.
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Fracture
A break in the bone.
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Dislocation
A dislocation occurs when the end of the bone comes out of its joint.
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Sprain
Occurs when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places.
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X-rays
X-rays are a form of energy that travels in waves like the light that your eyes can see.
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Magnetic renaissance imaging
A Method for taking Clear images of bones and soft tissue.
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Arthritis
A disease of the joints that makes movement painful.
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Arthroscpoe
A slim tube shaped instumentto stick in the joint.
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Epidermis
The outer layer of the skin.
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Melanin
A pigment , Or colored substance, that gives your skin it's color.
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Dermis
The inner layer of the skin.
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Pores
Openings that produce perspiration.
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Follicles
Strands of hair growth within the dermis and structures called follicles.
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Cancer
A disease in which some of the cells in the body decide uncontrollably.
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Digestion
The process by which your body breaks down food into smaller nutrient molecules.
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Absorption
The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood.
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Saliva
The fluid released when your mouth waters.
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Enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in your body.
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Epiglottis
A flap of tissue that seals off your windpipe.
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Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
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Mucus
A thick slippery substance produced by the body.
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Peristalsis
Involuntary muscle contraction.
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Stomach
A J shaped muscular pouch located in the abdomen.
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Small intestine
The part of the digestive system where most of the chemical digestion takes place.
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Liver
Located in the upper right portion of the abdomen it is the largest organ inside the body.
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Bile
A substance that breaks up fat particles.
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Gallbladder
The organ that stores bile.
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Pancreas
A triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine.
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Villi
Tiny finger shaped structures.
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Large intestine
The last section of the digestive system.
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Cardiovascular system
Consists of the heart, Blood vessels, and blood.
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Atrium
The two upper chambers that receives blood that comes into the heart.
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Ventricle
A chamber that pumps blood out of the heart.
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Valve
A flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards.
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Pacemaker
A group of cells that sends out signals that makes the heart muscles contract.
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Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from heart.
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Capillaries
Tiny narrow vessels.
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Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
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Coronary arteries
The first branches of the blood system that carries the blood to the heart itself.
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Diffusion
The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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Pulse
The artery rising and falling repeatedly.
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Blood pressure
A force exerted by blood.
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Plasma
The liquid part of blood.
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Hemoglobin
An iron containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules.
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White blood cells
The bodies disease fighters.
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Platelets
Cell fragments that plane important part informing blood clots.
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Lympathic system
A network of thing like vessels that's returns the fluid to the Bloodstream.
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Atherosclerosis
A condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the buildup of fatty material.
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Heart attack
Occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked.
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Hypertension
A disorder in which a person's blood pressure is constantly higher than normal—usually defined as greater than 140/90.
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Tar
The dark sticky substance that forms the tobacco is Burnt.
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Carbon monoxide
A colorless odorless gas.
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Nicotine
A stimulant drug that increases the activities of the nervous system and heart.
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Addiction
Physical dependence.
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Bronchitis
An irritation of the breathing passages in which the small passages become narrower than normal and maybe clogged with mucus.
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Excretion
Removal process in your body.
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Urea
A chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins.
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Urine
Watery fluid that contains urea and other wastes.
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Urinary bladder
A sack like muscular organ that stores urine.
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Urethra
A small tube where urine leaves the body.
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Nephrons
Tiny filtering factories that removes wastes from blood and produce urine.
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Pathogens
Organisms that cause disease.
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Infectious disease
A disease that is caused by the presence of a living thing within the body.
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Toxin
A poison.
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Phagocyte
A white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and destroys them by breaking them down.
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Immunity
The body's ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease.
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Active immunity
A reaction where the body has produced the antibodies that fight the disease pathogens.
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Vaccination
A process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into a persons body to produce active immunity.
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Vaccine
Pathogens that are weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system to go into action.
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Antibiotics
A chemical that kills bacteria or slows down their growth without harming body cells.
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Passive immunity
When antibodies are given to a person.
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Noninfectious diseases
Diseases not caused by pathogens in the body.
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Allergy
A disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance.
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Allergen
Any substance that causes a allergy.
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Histamine
A chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy.
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Asthma
A disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow significantly.
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Insulin
Enables body cells to take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy.
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Diabetes
A condition where the pancreas fails to produce insulin.
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Tumors
As cells divide over and over again they often form a tumor.
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Carcinogens
A cause of cancer.
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Stimulus
Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism reacts is called a stimulus.
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Response
What your body does in reaction to a stimulus.
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Neurons
Nerve cells.
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Nerve impulse
The message that the neuron carries.
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Dendrites
The parts of a neuron that carries impulses towards the neuron cell body.
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Axon
The part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body.
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Sensory neuron
A neuron that picks stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts it stimulus into a nerve impulse.
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Interneuron
In neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
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Motor neuron
A kind of neuron that since an impulse to a muscle or gland, and the muscle or gland reacts in response.
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Synapse
The junction where and when one neuron can transfer to another structure is called a synapse.
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Alcoholism
It is easy in which a person is both physically addicted to and emotionally dependent on alcohol.
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Anabolic steroids
Synthetic chemicals that are similar to hormones produced in the body.
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Stimulants
Cocaine and nicotine are examples of stimulants, they make the heart beat faster and make the breathing rate increase.
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Depressants
Drugs that slow down to activity of the central nervous system.
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Withdrawal
A period of adjustment that occurs when a person stops taking a truck on which the body is dependent.
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Addiction
The body becomes physically dependent on the drug.
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Tolerance
A state in which a drug user needs larger and larger amounts of the drug to produce the same affect on the body
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Drug abuse
To look for miss use of drugs.
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Drug
Any chemicals taken into the body that causes changes in the persons body or behavior.
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Semicircular canals
The structures in the areas that are responsible for your sense of balance.
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Cochlea
A snail-shaped tube that is lined with the receptor cells that respond to sound.
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Eardrum
A membrane that vibrates from sound strikes it.
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Farsightedness
When people can see distant objects clearly and nearby objects are blurry.
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Nearsightedness
The opposite of farsightedness; where nearby objects are clear as where the distant objects are blurry.
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Lens
A flexible structure that focuses light.
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Cornea
The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye.
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Pupil
The opening through which light enters the eye.
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Iris
A circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
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Endocrine glands
Glands that produce stuff directly into the bloodstream.
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Hormone
The chemical product of the endocrine gland.
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Target cells
Cells that recognize the hormones chemical structure.
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Hypothalamus
A tiny part of the brain near the middle of the head.
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Pituitary gland
A gland that communicates with the hypothalamus to control many body activities.
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Negative feedback
A type of signal in a heating system.
