Science Key Terms Flashcards
Qualitative Observation
an observation that cannot be expressed in numbers; how something feels, tastes, sounds, looks, or smells
Quantitative Observation
an observation dealing with a number or amount
Science
a way of learning about the natural world
Observing
Using one or more of your senses to gather information about the world
Inferring
Interperating observation
Predicting
Making a inferrance about a future event based on current evidence or oast experience.
Classifying
To put pieces of data or objects and to groups
Making models
A skill that scientists use to make sense of data
Communicate
Sharing information
Hypothesis
A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question.
Variable
Any factor that you can change in an experiment
Manipulated variable
The factor that you change.
Responding variable
The factor that changes as a result of manipulated belated
Controlled experiment
an experiment in which all factors except one are kept constant
Operational definition
A statement that describes how a particular variable is to be measured or how a term is to be defined
Data
Observations and measurements you make in an experiment
Conclusion
A statement that sums up what you have learned from an experiment
Scientific inquiry
The way scientists discover and explain things about the natural world
Scientific theory
A large set of related observations can be connected by single explanation.
Scientific law
A rule of nature; it has been verified over and over again.
A cell
A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing.
Cell membrane
The cell membrane forms the outside boundary of the cell.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center that directs the cell’s activity and contains The information that determines the cells form and function.
The cytoplasm
The material within the cell apart from the nucleus is called the cytoplasm.
A tissue
A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform same function.
Muscle tissue
Like the muscle cells that form it, muscle tissue can contract, or shorten.
Nervous tissue
While the muscle tissue carries out movement, the nervous tissue directs and controls the process.
Connective tissue
Another type of tissue, the connective tissue, provides support for your body and its parts.
Epithelial tissue
The surface cells of your body, inside and out, convered by the epithelial tissue.
Organ
An organ is a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue.
Organ system
Each organ in your body is part of an organ system, which is a group of organs that work together to perform a major function.
Homeostasis
All the systems of the body work together to maintain homeostasis, the body’s tendency keep an internal balance.
Stress
Stress is the reaction of your body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events.
Skeleton
The framework in your body that holds you up and makes you able to move around.
Vertebrae
26 small bones that make up your backbone.
Joint
A joint is a place in the body where two bones come together
Ligaments
The bones in movable joints are heald together by Strong connective tissues called ligaments.
Cartilage
Most joints have a second type of connective tissue called cartilage.
Compact bone
Beneath a bones outer membrane is a layer of compact which is hard and dense but not solid.
Spongy bone
Like a sponge, spongy bone has many small spaces within it.
Marrow
The spaces in many bones contain stuff connected tissue called Marrow.
Osteoporosis
A condition in which The bodies bones become weak and break easily.
Fracture
A break in the bone.
Dislocation
A dislocation occurs when the end of the bone comes out of its joint.
Sprain
Occurs when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places.
X-rays
X-rays are a form of energy that travels in waves like the light that your eyes can see.
Magnetic renaissance imaging
A Method for taking Clear images of bones and soft tissue.
Arthritis
A disease of the joints that makes movement painful.
Arthroscpoe
A slim tube shaped instumentto stick in the joint.
Epidermis
The outer layer of the skin.
Melanin
A pigment , Or colored substance, that gives your skin it’s color.
Dermis
The inner layer of the skin.
Pores
Openings that produce perspiration.
Follicles
Strands of hair growth within the dermis and structures called follicles.
Cancer
A disease in which some of the cells in the body decide uncontrollably.
Digestion
The process by which your body breaks down food into smaller nutrient molecules.
Absorption
The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood.
Saliva
The fluid released when your mouth waters.
Enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in your body.
Epiglottis
A flap of tissue that seals off your windpipe.
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Mucus
A thick slippery substance produced by the body.
Peristalsis
Involuntary muscle contraction.
Stomach
A J shaped muscular pouch located in the abdomen.
Small intestine
The part of the digestive system where most of the chemical digestion takes place.
Liver
Located in the upper right portion of the abdomen it is the largest organ inside the body.
Bile
A substance that breaks up fat particles.
Gallbladder
The organ that stores bile.
Pancreas
A triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine.
Villi
Tiny finger shaped structures.
Large intestine
The last section of the digestive system.
Cardiovascular system
Consists of the heart, Blood vessels, and blood.
Atrium
The two upper chambers that receives blood that comes into the heart.
Ventricle
A chamber that pumps blood out of the heart.
Valve
A flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards.
Pacemaker
A group of cells that sends out signals that makes the heart muscles contract.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from heart.
Capillaries
Tiny narrow vessels.
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
Coronary arteries
The first branches of the blood system that carries the blood to the heart itself.
Diffusion
The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Pulse
The artery rising and falling repeatedly.
Blood pressure
A force exerted by blood.
Plasma
The liquid part of blood.
Hemoglobin
An iron containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules.
White blood cells
The bodies disease fighters.
Platelets
Cell fragments that plane important part informing blood clots.
Lympathic system
A network of thing like vessels that’s returns the fluid to the Bloodstream.
Atherosclerosis
A condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the buildup of fatty material.
Heart attack
Occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked.
Hypertension
A disorder in which a person’s blood pressure is constantly higher than normal—usually defined as greater than 140/90.
Tar
The dark sticky substance that forms the tobacco is Burnt.
Carbon monoxide
A colorless odorless gas.
Nicotine
A stimulant drug that increases the activities of the nervous system and heart.
Addiction
Physical dependence.
Bronchitis
An irritation of the breathing passages in which the small passages become narrower than normal and maybe clogged with mucus.
Excretion
Removal process in your body.
Urea
A chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins.
Urine
Watery fluid that contains urea and other wastes.
Urinary bladder
A sack like muscular organ that stores urine.
Urethra
A small tube where urine leaves the body.
Nephrons
Tiny filtering factories that removes wastes from blood and produce urine.
Pathogens
Organisms that cause disease.
Infectious disease
A disease that is caused by the presence of a living thing within the body.
Toxin
A poison.
Phagocyte
A white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and destroys them by breaking them down.
Immunity
The body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease.
Active immunity
A reaction where the body has produced the antibodies that fight the disease pathogens.
Vaccination
A process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into a persons body to produce active immunity.
Vaccine
Pathogens that are weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system to go into action.
Antibiotics
A chemical that kills bacteria or slows down their growth without harming body cells.
Passive immunity
When antibodies are given to a person.
Noninfectious diseases
Diseases not caused by pathogens in the body.
Allergy
A disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance.
Allergen
Any substance that causes a allergy.
Histamine
A chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy.
Asthma
A disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow significantly.
Insulin
Enables body cells to take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy.
Diabetes
A condition where the pancreas fails to produce insulin.
Tumors
As cells divide over and over again they often form a tumor.
Carcinogens
A cause of cancer.
Stimulus
Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism reacts is called a stimulus.
Response
What your body does in reaction to a stimulus.
Neurons
Nerve cells.
Nerve impulse
The message that the neuron carries.
Dendrites
The parts of a neuron that carries impulses towards the neuron cell body.
Axon
The part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body.
Sensory neuron
A neuron that picks stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts it stimulus into a nerve impulse.
Interneuron
In neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
Motor neuron
A kind of neuron that since an impulse to a muscle or gland, and the muscle or gland reacts in response.
Synapse
The junction where and when one neuron can transfer to another structure is called a synapse.
Alcoholism
It is easy in which a person is both physically addicted to and emotionally dependent on alcohol.
Anabolic steroids
Synthetic chemicals that are similar to hormones produced in the body.
Stimulants
Cocaine and nicotine are examples of stimulants, they make the heart beat faster and make the breathing rate increase.
Depressants
Drugs that slow down to activity of the central nervous system.
Withdrawal
A period of adjustment that occurs when a person stops taking a truck on which the body is dependent.
Addiction
The body becomes physically dependent on the drug.
Tolerance
A state in which a drug user needs larger and larger amounts of the drug to produce the same affect on the body
Drug abuse
To look for miss use of drugs.
Drug
Any chemicals taken into the body that causes changes in the persons body or behavior.
Semicircular canals
The structures in the areas that are responsible for your sense of balance.
Cochlea
A snail-shaped tube that is lined with the receptor cells that respond to sound.
Eardrum
A membrane that vibrates from sound strikes it.
Farsightedness
When people can see distant objects clearly and nearby objects are blurry.
Nearsightedness
The opposite of farsightedness; where nearby objects are clear as where the distant objects are blurry.
Lens
A flexible structure that focuses light.
Cornea
The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye.
Pupil
The opening through which light enters the eye.
Iris
A circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
Endocrine glands
Glands that produce stuff directly into the bloodstream.
Hormone
The chemical product of the endocrine gland.
Target cells
Cells that recognize the hormones chemical structure.
Hypothalamus
A tiny part of the brain near the middle of the head.
Pituitary gland
A gland that communicates with the hypothalamus to control many body activities.
Negative feedback
A type of signal in a heating system.
