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School Stuff > Science Cells And Heredity > Flashcards

Science Cells And Heredity Flashcards

0
Q

Microscope

A

An instrument that makes small objects look larger.

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1
Q

Cells

A

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

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2
Q

Cell Theory

A

The cell theory is a widely excepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.

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3
Q

Element

A

Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

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4
Q

Compound

A

When two or more elements combine chemically. I

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5
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen.

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6
Q

Lipids

A

Like carbohydrates they are energy rich compounds made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen.

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7
Q

Proteins

A

Large organic molecules that are made of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and in some cases sulfur.

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8
Q

Amino acids

A

What protein molecules are made of.

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9
Q

Enzyme

A

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.

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10
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Long organic molecules made of carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen in phosphorus.

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11
Q

DNA

A

The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.

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12
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

The main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane.

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water molecules through selective permeable membrane.

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15
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Which means some substances can pass through the membrane while others cannot.

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16
Q

Passive transport

A

The movement of dissolved materials through so membrane without using cellular energy.

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17
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of materials through cell membrane using cellular energy.

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18
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which a so captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food.

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19
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that makes it’s own food.

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20
Q

Hetrotroph

A

In organism that cannot make its own food.

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21
Q

Pigment

A

Colored chemical compounds that absorb light.

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22
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts.

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23
Q

stomata

A

A small

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24
Q

Respiration

A

The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose.

25
Q

Fermentation

A

An energy releasing process that does not require oxygen.

26
Q

The cell cycle

A

The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo.

27
Q

Interphase

A

The period before cell division.

28
Q

Replication

A

The next phase in the interphase is where the cell makes an exact copy of the DNA in its nucleus.

29
Q

Mitosis

A

The stage during which the cells nucleus divides into two nuclei.

30
Q

Chromosomes

A

Double rod structures.

31
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The final stage of the cell cycle.

32
Q

Cancer

A

It disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.

33
Q

Mutation

A

Damage to the DNA in a cell.

34
Q

Tumor

A

A mass of abnormal cells that develop one cancer cells divide and grow uncontrollably.

35
Q

Chemotherapy

A

The use of drugs to treat disease.

36
Q

Probability

A

A number that describes how likely it is that in an event will occur.

37
Q

Punnett square

A

A chart that shows how all the possible conditions of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.

38
Q

Phenotype

A

A physical appearance, or visible traits.

39
Q

Genotype

A

And organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

40
Q

Homozygous

A

An organism that has two identical alleles.

41
Q

Heterozygous

A

Organism that has two different alleles.

42
Q

Codominance

A

None of The alleles are dominant or recessive

43
Q

Meiosis

A

The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells.

44
Q

Multiple alleles

A

Three or more forms of a gene that codes for a single trait.

45
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

The chromosomes that tell whether a child is a boy or girl.

46
Q

Sex linked genes

A

Genes on the X and Y chromosomes.

47
Q

Carrier

A

A person who has one recessive allele for a treat in one dominant allele.

48
Q

Genetic disorder

A

An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes

49
Q

Pedigree

A

A pedigree is a chart or “family tree” that tracks which members of a families can have a particular trait

50
Q

Karyotype

A

A picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell

51
Q

Selective breeding

A

The process of selecting organisms with desired traits to the parents of the next generation.

52
Q

Inbreeding

A

Crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics.

53
Q

Hybridization

A

The process of crossing two genetically different individuals.

54
Q

A clone

A

An organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced.

Can be done in minecraft with ender dragon eggs.

55
Q

Genetic engineering

A

Genes from one organism transferred into the DNA of another.

Like making a villager dragon in minecraft.

56
Q

Gene therapy

A

This process will involve concerning copies of the gene directly into a person’s cells.

Village dragon.

57
Q

Genome

A

All the DNA in one cell of an organism.

What makes an ender dragon an ender dragon.

58
Q

Homologous structures

A

Similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor.

59
Q

A branching tree

A

A diagram that shows how scientists think of organisms are related.

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