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Year 12 Psychology ATAR - Full Course > Science Inquiry > Flashcards

Science Inquiry Flashcards

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1
Q

Quantitative Data

A

Numbers, focuses on identifying cause-and-effect relationships between variables, objective or subjective

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2
Q

Advantages of Quantitative Data

A
  • Large sample size
  • Can be statistically analysed
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3
Q

Disadvantages of Quantitative Data

A
  • Lacks depth and detail
  • Lacks openness
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4
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Descriptions / observations, non-numerical and quite subjective e.g. interviews, focus groups

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5
Q

Advantages of Qualitative Data

A
  • Provides depth and detail
  • Creates openness
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6
Q

Disadvantages of Qualitative Data

A
  • Open to personal or researcher bias
  • Difficult to statistically analyse as responses could take variety of forms
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7
Q

Objective vs Subjective Data

A

Objective measured according to identifiable external criteria

Subjective based on opinion with no external point of comparison

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8
Q

5 Ethical Concepts

A

Beneficence

Integrity and Merit

Justice

Non-maleficence

Respect

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9
Q

Beneficence

A

Having a commitment to do good and minimise risks

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10
Q

Integrity and Merit

A

Having potential benefits and acting with honesty and transparency

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11
Q

Justice

A

Ensuring fair distribution of benefits, risks and resources free of exploitation

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12
Q

Non-maleficence

A

Avoiding harm or ensuring potential harm is outweighed by benefits

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13
Q

Respect

A

Giving due regard to individual differences regarding autonomy and choice

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14
Q

Informed Consent

A

Requirement of a research in the form of a written note given by a person of age to participate

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15
Q

Informed consent must include:

A
  • Guardian consent if under 18 or intellectually disabled
  • Explanation of study’s purpose and foreseeable risks
  • Explanation on method of data collection and storage / duration of data
  • Enforcement of right to withdrawal and confidentiality
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16
Q

5 Participant’s Rights

A

Confidentiality

Privacy

Withdrawal Rights

Voluntary Participation

Protection from Harm

17
Q

Confidentiality

A

Right to have information disclosed in a relationship

18
Q

Privacy

A

Right to privacy in terms of access, storage and disposal of information

19
Q

Voluntary Participation

A

Right to participate in an experiment free from bribery or coercion

20
Q

Withdrawal Rights

A

Right to leave a study or withdraw results at any time

21
Q

Protection from Harm

A

Should not experience negative physical or psychological effects

22
Q

Deception

A

Provision of false or incomplete information for the purpose of misleading research participants. Requires debriefing

23
Q

Debriefing

A

Experimental process in which after the experiment subjects are told of research’s purpose, and any deception is explained

24
Q

3R Principle

A

Replacement: Avoid using animals if applicable (tissues and cells)

Reduction: Use fewer animals in experiments (longitudinal studies)

Refinement: Enhance animal wellbeing and living conditions

25
Q

Extraneous Variable

A

Any variable other than IV that can change DV outcome in an unwanted way

26
Q

Confounding Variable

A

Impossible to determine variable that has had an unwanted effect on the DV

27
Q

Uncontrolled Variable

A

Stays random and has no effect on outcome

28
Q

Directional vs Non-Directional Hypothesis

A

Directional hypothesis should be made if research has been made prior to experiment

29
Q

3 Types of Extraneous Variables

A

Environment Variable: Aspects of environment that might affect behaviour (temperature, noise etc)

Participant Variable: How each participant varies from each other and its effects (age, intelligence, mood etc)

Research Variable: Experimenter conveys to participants how they should behave (health, expectations etc)

30
Q

Experimental Research

A

Used to test cause and effect relationship between two or more variables (how IV changes affect DV)

C-group and E-group, E-group exposed to IV, C-group do not experience this treatment

31
Q

Non-Experimental Research

A

Does not involve manipulation of IV or control of extraneous variables

Observation of naturally occurring phenomena

32
Q

Case Study (Qualitative)

A

Non-experimental

Used to gain in-depth knowledge on specific individual or group

Cannot be replicated

33
Q

Correlational Study (Quantitative)

A

Non-experimental

Investigates relationship between 2 or more variables without intervention

Closer to 1/-1, stronger correlation is

34
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

Same participants monitored at different times in their lives, takes time across a long period and intervals are lengthy

35
Q

Cross-Sectional Study

A

Participants of different cohorts are investigated at one time

Year 12 Psychology ATAR - Full Course (18 decks)

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