Science, Human Body Flashcards
Levels of organization of the body
- Atom
- Compound Molecule
- Organelle
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organism
What are the four types of tissues
- Connective tissue
- Epithelial tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
What is connective tissue
Connective tissue is made up of cells that form the body’s structure. Examples include bone and cartilage.
What is epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue is made up of cells that line the inner and outer body surfaces, such as the skin and the lining of the digestive tract. Epithelial tissue protects the body and its internal organs, secretes substances such as hormones, and absorbs substances such as nutrients.
What is muscle tissue
Muscle tissue is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract, or become shorter. Muscles attached to bones enable the body to move.
What is nervous tissue
Nervous tissue is made up of neurons, or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages. Nervous tissue makes up the brain and the nerves that connect the brain to all parts of the body.
List the 12 organ systems of the human body
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
- Digestive
- Endocrine
- Integumentary
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Reproductive
- Respiratory
- Skeletal
- Urinary
- Immune
What are the major tissues and organs of the cardiovascular system
Heart; blood vessels; blood
What are the major tissues and organs of the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes; lymph vessels
What are the major tissues and organs of the digestive system
Esophagus; stomach; small intestine; large intestine
What are the major tissues and organs of the endocrine system
Pituitary gland, hypothalamus; adrenal glands; ovaries; testes
What are the major tissues and organs of the integumentary system
Skin, hair, nails
What are the major tissues and organs of the muscular system
Cardiac (heart) muscle; skeletal muscle; smooth muscle: tendons
What are the major tissues and organs of the nervous system
Brain, spinal cord; nerves
What are the major tissues and organs of the reproductive system
Female: uterus, vagina; fallopian tubes; ovaries
Male: penis; testes, seminal vesicles
What are the major tissues and organs of the respiratory system
What are the major tissues and organs of the skeletal system
Bones, cartilage; ligaments
What are the major tissues and organs of the urinary system
Kidneys; urinary bladder
What are the major tissues and organs of the immune system
Bone marrow; spleen; white blood cells
What is the function of the cardiovascular system
Transports oxygen, hormones, and nutrients to the body cells. Moves wastes and carbon dioxide away from cells.
What is the function of the lymphatic system
Defend against infection and disease, moves lymph between tissues and the blood stream.
What is the function of the digestive system
Digests food and absorbs nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water.
What is the function of the endocrine system
Produces hormones that communicate between cells.
What is the function of the integumentary system
Provides protection from injury and water loss, physical defense against infection by microorganisms, and temperature control.
What is the function of the muscular system
Involved in movement and heat production.
What is the function of the nervous system
Collects, transfers, and processes information
What is the function of the reproductive system
Produces gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones
What is the function of the respiratory system
Brings air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the blood and cells (around body) or blood and air (lungs).
What is the function of the skeletal system
Supports and protects soft tissues of body; produces blood cells; stores minerals.
What is the function of the urinary system
Removes extra water, salts, and waste products from blood and body; controls pH; controls water and salt balance.
What is the function of the immune system
