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Grade 8 > Science, Human Body > Flashcards

Science, Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of organization of the body

A
  1. Atom
  2. Compound Molecule
  3. Organelle
  4. Cell
  5. Tissue
  6. Organ
  7. Organ System
  8. Organism
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2
Q

What are the four types of tissues

A
  • Connective tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nervous tissue
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3
Q

What is connective tissue

A

Connective tissue is made up of cells that form the body’s structure. Examples include bone and cartilage.

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4
Q

What is epithelial tissue

A

Epithelial tissue is made up of cells that line the inner and outer body surfaces, such as the skin and the lining of the digestive tract. Epithelial tissue protects the body and its internal organs, secretes substances such as hormones, and absorbs substances such as nutrients.

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5
Q

What is muscle tissue

A

Muscle tissue is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract, or become shorter. Muscles attached to bones enable the body to move.

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6
Q

What is nervous tissue

A

Nervous tissue is made up of neurons, or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages. Nervous tissue makes up the brain and the nerves that connect the brain to all parts of the body.

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7
Q

List the 12 organ systems of the human body

A
  • Cardiovascular
  • Lymphatic
  • Digestive
  • Endocrine
  • Integumentary
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
  • Reproductive
  • Respiratory
  • Skeletal
  • Urinary
  • Immune
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8
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the cardiovascular system

A

Heart; blood vessels; blood

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9
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the lymphatic system

A

Lymph nodes; lymph vessels

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10
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the digestive system

A

Esophagus; stomach; small intestine; large intestine

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11
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland, hypothalamus; adrenal glands; ovaries; testes

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12
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the integumentary system

A

Skin, hair, nails

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13
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the muscular system

A

Cardiac (heart) muscle; skeletal muscle; smooth muscle: tendons

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14
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord; nerves

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15
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the reproductive system

A

Female: uterus, vagina; fallopian tubes; ovaries

Male: penis; testes, seminal vesicles

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16
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the respiratory system

A
17
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the skeletal system

A

Bones, cartilage; ligaments

18
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the urinary system

A

Kidneys; urinary bladder

19
Q

What are the major tissues and organs of the immune system

A

Bone marrow; spleen; white blood cells

20
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system

A

Transports oxygen, hormones, and nutrients to the body cells. Moves wastes and carbon dioxide away from cells.

21
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system

A

Defend against infection and disease, moves lymph between tissues and the blood stream.

22
Q

What is the function of the digestive system

A

Digests food and absorbs nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water.

23
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system

A

Produces hormones that communicate between cells.

24
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system

A

Provides protection from injury and water loss, physical defense against infection by microorganisms, and temperature control.

25
Q

What is the function of the muscular system

A

Involved in movement and heat production.

26
Q

What is the function of the nervous system

A

Collects, transfers, and processes information

27
Q

What is the function of the reproductive system

A

Produces gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones

28
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system

A

Brings air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the blood and cells (around body) or blood and air (lungs).

29
Q

What is the function of the skeletal system

A

Supports and protects soft tissues of body; produces blood cells; stores minerals.

30
Q

What is the function of the urinary system

A

Removes extra water, salts, and waste products from blood and body; controls pH; controls water and salt balance.

31
Q

What is the function of the immune system

A

Grade 8 (15 decks)

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