SCIENCE GCSE Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
Regulating the conditions of the human body
What conditions require control in the human body?
Body temperature
Blood glucose level
Water content
What structures are involved in the nervous system?
Brain
Spinal Cord
Network of nerves
What is the function of the nervous system?
Helps all other parts of the body communicate with each other
What are the structures of a reflex arc? What order do electrical impulses pass through them?
Receptors->sensory neuron->spinal cord->motor neuron->muscle
Why are reflex actions important? Why are they automatic?
Reflex actions protect us from danger
They don’t need to send a signal to the brain
How do hormones travel round the body?
They are passed straight into the bloodstream
What is the system for glands?
The endocrine system
What is the role of oestrogen?
Where is it produced?
Thickens the uterus lining
Produced in ovaries
What is the role of progesterone?
Where is it produced?
Prepares the uterus lining for a fertilised egg to implant and grow
Produced in ovaries
What is the role of testosterone?
Where is it produced?
Helps develop the male human body
Produced in testes
What is the role of insulin?
Where is it produced?
Reduce blood glucose levels
Produced in pancreas
What is the role of glucose?
Where is it produced?
Provides energy for cells
Produced in liver
What is the role of adrenaline?
Where is it produced?
Increases the blood flow to the heart
Produced in adrenal glands
What is the role of LH?
Where is it produced?
Stimulates testosterone release
Produced in pituitary gland
What is the role of TSH?
Where is it produced?
Tells your thyroid how much thyroid hormone it needs to make
Produced in pituitary gland
What is the role of thyroxine?
Where is it produced?
Controls how much energy your body uses
Produced in thyroid gland
What is a negative feedback cycle?
What hormones operate using a negative feedback loop
The action taken by a body to return it to its normal level
Insulin and glucagon
What are the 4 main hormones in the menstrual cycle?
What do they do?
LH- Stimulates testosterone release
FSH- Helps control the menstrual cycle
Oestrogen-Thickens uterus lining
Progesterone- Prepares uterus lining for a fertilised egg to be implanted
What is fertilisation?
Fusing the 2 sex cells
Where and why does meiosis happen?
Testes and ovaries
Ensures all organisms produced by sexual reproduction have the correct amount of chromosomes
What is DNA?
the chemical that makes up the genetic material of humans
What is a chromosome?
Multiple strands of DNA
What is a gene?
Section of DNA that controls a cells chemistry- especially protein production.
What is a genome?
Why is it useful?
Entire genetic material of an organism
Genomes allow humans to grow
What is a gamete?
Reproductive cell of animal or plant
What is an allele?
Different versions of the same gene
What are some benefits and risks of genetic engineering?
Fights disease
Reduced cost for food/drug production
Cross contamination
Poisoned wildlife
What are the steps of genetic engineering?
Introduces a gene from one organism into the genome of another organism to get the best characteristics
