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Grade 9 Second Semster > Science Environmental Chemistry > Flashcards

Science Environmental Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Environment

A

the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.

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2
Q

Elements

A

pure substances that cannot be broken down into other substances

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3
Q

Pollution

A

any change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things

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4
Q

Issues

A

any subject of importance about which people have strong, conflicting points of view

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5
Q

Fertilizers

A

substance that enriches soil so that plants will grow better

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6
Q

The forms of nitrogen and phosphorus found in fertilizers that can cause excess plant and algae growth in aquatic environmants

A

Nitrate

Phosphate

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7
Q

Pest

A

organism that harms people, plants, or structures

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8
Q

Pesticide

A

Chemical used to kill pests

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9
Q

Insecticide

A

Chemical used to kill insects

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10
Q

Herbicides

A

Chemical used to kill plants

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11
Q

Fungicides

A

Chemical used to kill fungi

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12
Q

Landfill

A

an area where waste is buried under the ground

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13
Q

Sanatary Landfill

A

sites where waste is isolated from the environment until it is safe

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14
Q

Sewage

A

wastewater containing dissolved and undissolved materials from your household

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15
Q

Sewage Treatment Plant

A

building and grounds containing special equipment to treat water

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16
Q

Effluent

A

wastewater released from a factory or sewage treatment plant after it was been treated

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17
Q

Storm Sewer

A

large pipes that carry runoff water from yards and streets directly into a river

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18
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

fuel formed from dead plants and animals

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19
Q

Sour Gas

A

natural gas that contains hydrogen sulfide

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20
Q

Sweet Gas

A

natural gas that does not contain hydrogen sulfide

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21
Q

Viewpoint

A

a way of looking at or thinking about something

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22
Q

pH

A

measure of the percent of hydrogen ions in a solution

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23
Q

Acid

A

compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with pH less than 7

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24
Q

Base

A

compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with pH greater than 7

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25
Q

Neutral

A

pH of 7

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26
Q

pH meter

A

a device used to measure the pH of a substance using a probe placed into the solution

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27
Q

Litmus Paper

A

a special paper used to determine whether a substance is an acid or a base
Blue is base

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28
Q

Neutralization

A

reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt

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29
Q

Acid Rain

A

dangerous precipitation formed when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve in the water droplets in clouds.

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30
Q

Organic

A

compounds whose molecules contain carbon (excluding CO2, CO, carbonates cyanides

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31
Q

Inorganic

A

compounds whose molecules do not contain carbon

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32
Q

Nutrients

A

elements and compounds that organisms need for living growing and reproducing

33
Q

Macronutrients

A

nutrients that organisms need in relatively large amounts

34
Q

Micronutrients

A

nutrients that organisms need in very small or trace amounts

35
Q

Optimium Amount

A

amount of a substance that provides an organism with the best health

36
Q

Carbonhydrates

A

organic molecules made up of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

37
Q

Lipids

A

organic molecules made up of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Insoluble in water

38
Q

Amino Acid

A

building blocks of protein

39
Q

Proteins

A

organic compound made up of units called amino acids

40
Q

Enzymes

A

catalyst involved in chemical reactions in living things

41
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

largest and most complicated molecules found in all the cells of living things

42
Q

Diffusion

A

process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower consentration

43
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane

44
Q

Active Transport

A

process in which plant cells use energy to move nutrient molecules through diffusion

45
Q

Ingestion

A

process by which we take food into our bodies

46
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

type of digestion including the process of chewing

47
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

reaction of a substance with water where the substance is broken down

48
Q

Hydrolyzed

A

broken down by water

49
Q

Substrate

A

surface on which an organism lives or moves

50
Q

Quality

A

how suitable water is for various applications based on its non-water content

51
Q

Indicator Organisms

A

living organisims in water that help determine water quality

52
Q

Invertebrates

A

animals without backbones

53
Q

Part per Millon (ppm)

A

the number of parts of a dissolved substance in one million parts of total solution

54
Q

Dissolved O2

A

a measure of how much oxygen gas is dissolved in a water source, measured in ppm

55
Q

Spring Acid Shock

A

a sudden increase in the level of acidity in a

water system in spring, due to acid meltwater

56
Q

Toxicity

A

how poisonous a substance is

57
Q

LD50

A

the amount of a substance that causes 50% of a group of test animals to die

58
Q

Heavy Metals

A

metals with a density of 5g/cm3 or more

59
Q

Major air pollutants that cause smog and acid rain

A

Sulfur Dioxide

Nitrogen Oxides

60
Q

Scrubbers

A

a device used by industrial and electrical generating plants to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions

61
Q

Carbon Monoxide

A

an odourless and colourless gas

62
Q

Greenhouse Gases

A

atmosphere gases that trap heat from the Sun

63
Q

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

A

the effect caused by even more heat than normal being trapped excess greenhouse gases put into our atmosphere

64
Q

Global Warming

A

worldwide temperture increase

65
Q

Ozone Layer

A

layer of O3 high up in the Earth’s atmosphere

66
Q

Chlorofluorocarbons

A

or CFCs; chemicals traditionally used as propellents

67
Q

Dispersion

A

scattering of a substance away from its source

68
Q

Water Table

A

the top of the groundwater zone

69
Q

Permeable

A

description of a substance that contains connected pores that fluids can flow through

70
Q

Impermeable

A

the opposite of permable in the part about flowing through

71
Q

Leachate

A

liquid that dissolves and carries substances

72
Q

Dilution

A

mixing of a substance with air or water causing the reduction of the concentration of that substance

73
Q

Biodegradation

A

breakdown of materials by organisms

74
Q

Aerobic

A

relating to oxygen

75
Q

Anaerobic

A

relating to no oxygen

76
Q

Phytoremediation

A

clean up of the environment through the use of plants

77
Q

Photolysis

A

breakdown of compounds by sunlight

78
Q

Biomagnification

A

increase in the concentration of a chemical as it moves up the food chain

79
Q

MSDS

A

detailed info sheet that alerts people of the dangers of chemicals

Grade 9 Second Semster (5 decks)

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