Science Biodiversity Flashcards
Species
Living things of the same kind that are able to reproduce successfully
Biological diversity
The variety of species and ecosystems on earth and the ecological processes of which they are a part
Ecosystem
Environment where living things interact with other living things and nonliving things
Biotic
Consisting of living organisms
Abiotic
Nonliving
Diversity/ variation
A range of different things
Organism
A living thing
The categories of the Linnaean classification system of living things; also known as the taxonomy of living things
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Interdependence
Mutual need of each other
Symbiosis
The relationship between to different species
Commensalism
The relationship between species in which one species benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed
Mutualism
the relationship between species in which both species benefit
Parasitic
the relationship between species in which one species benifit and one is harmed
Niche
the role an organism or species within an ecosystem
Interspecies Competition
two or more species needing the same limited resource
Resource Partitioning
division of a resource among 2 or more species living within the same ecosystem
Variability
variation within a species
Natural Selection
a process in which the environment “selects” which individuals will survive and reproduce
Heritable Characteristics
traits that are passed genetically from one generation to the next
Non-heritable Characteristics
traits that are not passed genetically but acquired
Discrete Variation
differences in a heritable trait that has an either or form
Continuous Variation
differences in a heritable trait that has many forms
Asexual Reproduction
reproduction that takes place in one organism. Making the offspring identical
Sexual Reproduction
reproduction involving the union of sex cells. Making the offspring different
Binary Fission
a type of asexual reproduction in single celled organisms. Parent organism splits into 2 identical daughter cells
Budding
a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud
Spore Production
a type of asexual reproduction in which spores are produced and released.
Vegetative Reproduction
a type of asexual reproduction in plants that dows not involve the formation of a seed. Cutting, tuber, bulb.
Gametes
a sex cell
Sperm Cells
male sex cell
Egg Cells
female sex cell
Ova
female sex cell
Fertilization
the union of a female gamete and male gamete
Zygote
a fertilized egg
Cleavage
the first divisions of a zygote
Embryo
an undeveloped muticellular organism
Pollen
fine yellow powder on the anthers of flowers. Contains male gametes
Stamen
the male reproductive system of a plant
Anther
a part of the stamen of a male plant produces and stores pollen
Pistil
the female reproductive system of a plant
Stigma
the female reproductive part of a plant that receives pollen
Ovule
sac containing the female gametes in a plant
Ovary
female reproductive organ in which egg cells are produced in plants
Style
the structure that supports the stigma and connects if with the ovary
Pollination
the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma within plants
Cross-pollination
the transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant ot the stigma of another by wind, water, or animals
Cross-fertilization
the joining of a gamete from a pollen grain and a gamete from te ovule to form a zygote
Genetics
the study of how hertitable traits are transmitted through generations
DNA
the genetic material found mainly in the nuclei of cells of living things
Genes
a segment of DNA, located at one particular place on a chromosome
Chromosomes
a structure in whish DNA is packages and along which genes are located
Double Helix
the arrangement of four chemicals on a DNA molecule.
Alleles
a variant form of a gene
Mitosis
a type of cell division that occurs in multi-cellular organisms, creates two identical daughter cells
Meisois
a type of cell division that occurs in multi-cellular organisms, that produce 4 gametes
Traits
a characteristic of an organism
Purebred
referring to a plant or animal that has ancestors all with the same form of triat
Homozygous
referring to a plant or animal that has ancestors all with the same form of triat
Hybrid
an organism that has 2 different alleles for a specific gene
Hetrozygous
an organism that has 2 different allesles for a specific gene
Genotype
the combination of genes/alleles in the chromosomes of an oraganism
Phenotype
the observable traits that we see exhibited because of the combination of genes/alleles
Dominant
the form of a trait that is exhibited in an organism when two opposing alleles are inherited
Recessive
the form of a trait that is exhibited in an oraganism only when the same two non-dominant alleles are inherited
Incomplete Dominance
a pattern of inheritance seen when two different alleles are present, but neither is more dominant over the other
Extinction
no longer in existence on the planet
Extirpation
no longer existence in a specific region
Overspecialization
a species is vulnerable to extinction because it is too adapted to its environment
Habitat Destruction
rapid changes to ecosystems
Introduction of Non Native Species
bringing a species that is not naturally present in an ecosystem into that ecosystme where it now competes with native species for resources
Overhunting/ Overfishing
“removal” of a population of a species from an ecosystem by killing that species for sport
Biotechnology
the use of living things to make agricultural, industrial, or medicinal products
Artificial Selection
specific breeding of plants and animals, by humans, to produce offspring with desirable traits
Clone
a genetically identical copy of an entire orgaism or of its cells or genes
Artificial Insemination
artificialcollection and injection of sperm from a male into a female
In Vitro Fertilization
a reproductive tech in which a sperm and egg are united in a lab setting
Genetic Engineering
the intentional altering of the DNA of an organism or a population of organism
Insitu Conservation
the maintenance of wild organisms within their functioning ecosystem
Exsitu Conservation
the maintenance of organisms outside of their ecosystem or natural habitats
Population
number of organisms of the same species
Community
all organisms in a specific area
