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T4 > Science Cycle Test T4 > Flashcards

Science Cycle Test T4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Wave:

A

A transfer of energy (disturbance) that spreads through a medium from the disturbance location, usually as vibrations in the medium.

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2
Q

Define Medium:

A

The material or substance through which the wave travels.

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3
Q

Define Transverse Wave:

A

Wave that consists of a disturbance occurring perpendicular (at right angles) to the travel direction of the wave

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4
Q

Define Longitudinal wave:

A

Wave that consists of a disturbance occurring parallel to the travel direction of the wave.

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5
Q

Define a Pulse Wave:

A

Wave that is caused by a single disturbance.

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6
Q

Define a Periodic Wave:

A

Wave that is caused by a continuous and repetitive disturbance.

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7
Q

Define Amplitude:

A

For any given position in the medium, the maximum displacement of the medium from its starting position.

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8
Q

Define Wavelength:

A

At any given (frozen moment of) time, the distance over which the wave’s shape repeats.

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9
Q

Define Period (Physics):

A

For any given position in the medium, the duration of a single vibration (oscillation).

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10
Q

Define Frequency:

A

For any given position in the medium, the number of vibrations per second.

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11
Q

Define Sound:

A

Longitudinal wave travelling through a medium which can be detected by the ear.

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12
Q

Define Pitch:

A

The frequency of the sound wave.

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13
Q

Define Electromagnetic waves:

A

A wave consisting of a vibrating electric field which causes a vibrating magnetic field.

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14
Q

Define Light:

A

Electromagnetic waves that can be detected by the eye.

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15
Q

Define Luminous object:

A

An object that gives off light.

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16
Q

Define Diffuse reflection:

A

The reflection of light from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered.

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17
Q

Define Specular reflection:

A

The reflection of light from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is reflected at the same angle; mirror-like reflection.

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18
Q

Define Refraction:

A

The change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another one, where it travels at a different speed.

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19
Q

Describe all electro-magnetic radiations speed whilst passing through a vacuum.

A

All electromagnetic radiation travels at the same speed in a vacuums.

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20
Q

If a water wave in the ocean has a frequency of 1.25Hz. It’s time period is:

A

0.8 seconds.

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21
Q

X-rays work because the bones…:

A

Absorb the radiation and are therefore visible.

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22
Q

List the 7 types of waves:

A

1) Radio Waves
2) Microwaves
3) Infrared
4) Visible light
5) Ultraviolet
6) X-ray
7) Gamma rays

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23
Q

What type of wave can be split into different colours?

A

Visible light.

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24
Q

What type of wave has the longest wavelenght?

A

Radio-waves.

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25
Q

Which type of wave has the lowest frequency?

A

Radio-waves.

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26
Q

Which type of wave is the most ionising?

A

Gamma rays.

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27
Q

Describe the process of Ultrasound detecting nearby objects?

A
  • Ultrasound waves are emitted from the transmitter through the medium to the object.
  • When the waves reach the fish they are reflected back.
  • The reflected waves are detected by the receiver.
  • The time for the wave to reach the object and reflect back is used to calculate the objects distance (divide by 2)
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28
Q

How would you find the distance?

A

speed x time

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29
Q

How would you find the speed?

A

distance ÷ time

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30
Q

How would you find the time?

A

distance ÷ speed

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31
Q

How would you find the velocity (speed)?

A

wavelength x frequency.

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32
Q

Give an example of how we use visible light for communication.

A

Fiber Optic Cables

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33
Q

Electromagnetic waves have all got the same ____.

A

Speed.

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34
Q

What is the speed of electromagnetic waves passing through a vacuum?

A

300 000 kilometres per second.

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35
Q

How do you find the wavelength?

A

speed ÷ frequency.

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36
Q

How do you find the frequency?

A

speed ÷ wavelength

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37
Q

If the speed of a wave stays the same but it’s wave stays the same buts its wavelength decreases, then the frequency of the wave will:

A

Increase.

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38
Q

If Middle C has a frequency of 256Hz and Middle A has a frequency of 440Hz describe the wavelengths of both notes, which one is longer/shorter?

A

The wavelength of Middle C will be longer because the higher the frequency the shorter the wavelength and Middle A has a higher frequency and therefore a longer wavelength than Middle C.

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39
Q

Which of the following waves has the lowest frequency?
A. an AM radio wave of wavelength 600 m.
B. an FM radio wave of wavelength 8.7 m.
C. a microwave of wavelength 5 mm.
D. a radar wave of wavelength 9 cm.

A

A :D

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40
Q

What is the first rule of reflection?

A

Theta I (angle or incidence) = Theta R (angle of reflection)

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41
Q

What is the second rule of reflection?

A

The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal (to the surface) all lie on the same plane.

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42
Q

The amount of information that can be transmitted by a communication channel is called it’s ______.

A

Bandwidth.

43
Q

Define Electro Magnetic waves:

A

Transverse electric and magnetic fields positioned at right angle to each other and travelling through empty space at the speed of light.

44
Q

Define Optical Fibre.

A

A narrow tube of glass or plastic used to transmit pulses of light.

45
Q

Define X-rays.

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation that can penetrate materials.

46
Q

Transverse electric and magnetic fields positioned at right angle to each other and travelling through empty space at the speed of light.

A

Electromagnetic waves.

47
Q

A narrow tube of glass or plastic used to transmit pulses of light.

A

Optical Fibre.

48
Q

High energy electromagnetic radiation that can penetrate materials.

A

X-rays.

49
Q

Out of the 7 types of waves which ones are ionising?

A

1) Ultraviolet rays.
2) X-ray rays
3) Gamma rays

50
Q

Define high energy electromagnetic radiation:

A

Waves that can travel in a vacuum with a frequency higher than that of visible light.

51
Q

Explain how X-rays can harm living tissue.

A

The ionising properties of X-rays mean that they can damage the DNA in cells or even kill cells.

52
Q

Name the type of wave that has a wavelength of 30 cm?

A

Radio waves:

53
Q

Why can radio waves be used for communication?

A
  • Save
  • Fast
  • Easy to produce
  • Travel everywhere at the same time
54
Q

Name the physical phenomenon that allows light to be trapped in the optical fibre.

A
  • Total internal reflection.
55
Q

Name the process used on ships/submarines to detect nearby objects?

A

Sonar/Ultrasound.

56
Q

If an alarm is put in a bell jar and air is gradually sucked out describe what would happen.

A

Gradually the sound would soften because sound cannot travel through vacuum mediums due to the lack of particles.

57
Q

What are the parts of the Transverse wave? (5)

A

1) Trough
2) Crest
3) Wavelength
4) Amplitude
5) Node

58
Q

What are the parts of the longitudinal wave? (3)

A

1) Compression
2) Refraction
3) Wavelength

59
Q

What are waves the transfer of?

A

Energy.

60
Q

What is a period?

A

How long it takes to complete one full wave cycle. (measured in seconds)

61
Q

Frequency and a Period are _______ to eachother?

A

Inversely proportional - behave opposite in nature.

62
Q

What symbol is a Period identified as?

A

T.

63
Q

If the frequency of a wave doubles then the period will ______.

A

Halve.

64
Q

What unit do you always want your wavelength in?

A

Metres.

65
Q

Give 2 examples of longitudinal waves.

A
  • Shock waves
  • Sound
66
Q

The seven types of waves can be described in to ways both _____ and _____ waves, what are they.

A

1) Transverse
2) Electromagnetic

67
Q

Does changing the frequency of the wave change the speed?

A

No.

68
Q

If the medium stays the same then the speed of the wave will?

A

Not change/remain constant.

69
Q

The speed of a wave is CONSTANT in any given medium. T/F?

A

True ;)

70
Q

If a wave has high frequency its wavelength is _____.

A

Short(er)

71
Q

If a wave has low frequency its wavelength is _____.

A

Wide(r)

72
Q

How fast is the speed of light in a vacuum?

A

3 x 10⁸ m/s

73
Q

List the 7 types of waves and give one example of what they do.

A

1) Radio waves - broadcasting communication
2) Microwaves - cooking food
3) Infrared - Heater
4) Visible light - communication
5) Ultraviolet - fluorescent lights
6) X-rays - medical scanning
7) Gamma rays - chemotherapy.

74
Q

At what stage is a frequency considered to be Ultrasound?

A

Over 200, 000 waves per second.

75
Q

Which way do the electric field waves move?

A

Up and Down.

76
Q

Which way do the magnetic field waves move?

A

Side to side.

77
Q

Light is a form of _____.

A

Energy.

78
Q

Light travels in straight lines called ___.

A

Rays.

79
Q

Reflection also known as:

A

Specular reflection.

80
Q

Define diffuse reflection.

A

The refraction of light from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered.

81
Q

Define Refraction.

A

When a wave travels between mediums it bends away of towards the perpendicular depending on the densities between mediums.

82
Q

Frequency of sound =

A

pitch.

83
Q

What is the speed of sound in air?

A

340 m/s

84
Q

If the ray passes from more dense to less dense it bends ______ the normal

A

Away from.

85
Q

Define Biconcave:

A

Rounded on both sides.

85
Q

If the ray passes from less dense to more dense it bends ______ the normal

A

Towards.

86
Q

What acronym can be used to remember the types of waves.

A

Giant Xylophones Usually Live In Music Rooms.

87
Q

Sound needs a medium to be heard explain what would happen if you tried to omit sound through a vacuum.

A

A vacuum is the absence of a medium so sound cannot pass through and would not be heard.

88
Q

The speed of sound varies according to the medium. T/F?

A

True ;)

89
Q

What factors might affect the speed of sound travelling?

A

The temperature and material of the medium.

90
Q

Sound travels faster at lower temperatures. T/F?

A

False ;)

91
Q

The greater the amplitude the ____ the
particles are moving because they have
more _____.

A

Faster.
Energy.

92
Q

What types of waves are used for communication?

A

Microwaves, radio waves, visible light, ultrasound.

93
Q

What frequencies are audible to human ears?

A

Sound waves with a frequency between 20 Hz and 20 KHz.

94
Q

Sounds lower than 20Hz are called?

A

Infrasound.

95
Q

Sounds higher than 20kHz are called?

A

Ultrasound.

96
Q

List three uses of ultrasound:

A
  • Breaking down kidney stones.
  • Scanning unborn babies
  • Cleaning delicate instruments and jewellery
97
Q

Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of ultrasound.

A

Advantages:
- Non-Invasive
- Real time imaging
Disadvantages:
- Poorer resolution the further down you go.
- Relies on expertise of sonographer

98
Q

What is an echo?

A

A reflection of sound.

99
Q

The speed of a wave is dependent on the ______.

A

Medium.

100
Q

If the medium doesn’t change, then the speed
of the wave is _______.

A

Constant.

101
Q

What does an oscilloscope do?

A

An oscilloscope converts sound waves into
electrical signals that can be viewed on a
screen.

102
Q

Sound travels at a speed of about ____ m/s in seawater.

A

1500

T4 (7 decks)

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