😷 Medical Science🦠 Flashcards
Infectious
Refers to a disease that can be spread to other people through the environment.
Non-infectious
Refers to a disease that cannot be spread to other people through the environment.
Disease
A disorder of structure or function in an organism.
Pathogen
Anything that causes an infectious disease; it is usually microscopic but can be macroscopic (visible with the naked eye).
Virus
A nucleic acid in a protein coat that is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.
Bacteria
Unicellular organism with a cell wall but no nucleus.
Fungus
Unicellular or multicellular organism with a cell wall and nucleus but no chloroplasts.
Macroparasite
A parasite that is visible with the naked eye.
Host
An animal or plant that nourishes a parasite.
Symptom
Outward evidence of disease, usually felt by the person, e.g. tiredness, pain, fever.
Transmission
The transfer of a pathogen from one host to another.
Vector
A carrier organism that transfers a pathogen from one host to another host of the same species.
Fomite
A non-living object that can transfer a pathogen from one host to another of the same species.
Antibiotic
A medicine that slows the growth or destroys bacteria.
Inflammatory response
The body’s response to tissue injury in order to remove the cause, clear away dead cells and initiate tissue repair; characterised by pain, redness, swelling, warmth and loss of function.
Phagocyte
Type of cell in the immune system capable of engulfing another cell.
Antigen
A chemical, usually a protein, capable of triggering the immune response, especially the production of an antibody.
Antibody
A specific protein that binds to a specific antigen that neutralises the antigen and leads to its destruction.
Vaccination
Preventative treatment with an altered antigen in order to produce immunity against a disease.
Endemic
Refers to a disease that is regularly found among a community or in a certain area.
Epidemic
Occurrence of a disease from a common source in excess of what would be normally expected in a community or in a certain area.
Pandemic
A worldwide epidemic.
Outbreak
The sudden occurrence of a disease in a community or in a certain area in greater numbers than expected.
Risk factor
Any characteristic of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease.
Phagocytosis
The process of phagocytes breaking down pathogens.
Pathogen
A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
Endocytosis
When the pathogen enters the arm like projections.
Phagosome
Formed when the phagocyte fully engulfs pathogen.
Lysosome
The bag of digestive enzymes within the phagocyte.
Phagolysosome
When the lysosome fuses with the phagosome to release enzymes.
Exocytosis
When the pathogen remains leave the phagolysosome. (Exit)
Lymphocytes
White blood cells in 3rd Line of Defence.
B-lymphocyte
A cell that, proliferates, creates memory cells and releases antibodies to neutralise the pathogen.
Helper T-lymphocyte
A cell that, proliferates, creates memory cells and releases cytokines (chemical messages).
What did Fiona Wood Research?
Spray on technique to treat physical trauma (burns).
What did Fiona Stanley investigate?
Neural tube defects and childhood diseases.
What is Elizabeth Blackburn research?
Telomeres.
What invention did the Monash vision group comandeer?
Bionic Eye.
