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T4 > PDH Cycle Test 🫶 > Flashcards

PDH Cycle Test 🫶 Flashcards

1
Q

How can Sexual Abuse be defined?

A

Actions where a person if pressured, tricked or forced into sexual activity which they wouldn’t normally or don’t consent to.

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2
Q

Actions are considered abusive when the person feels:

A

Frightened, Threatened or Uncomfortable.

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3
Q

What are some (4) examples of sexual abuse:

A

Incest, rape, child sex abuse, indecent behaviour.

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4
Q

How is sexual harassment defined?

A

Behaviour of a sexual nature that is uninvited and is intimidating, embarrassing and/or offensive.

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5
Q

Why does a lot of sexual assault go unreported?

A

The perpetrators being in a position of power.

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6
Q

True or False: Words and actions that constitute sexual harassment can range from being openly hostile and intimidating behaviour to more subtle, indirect actions.

A

True!

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7
Q

Give a minimum of 4 examples of sexual harassment:

A

1) Sexually suggestive comments or jokes.
2) Unwelcome requests for sex.
3) Sexually explicit communications - such as texts, emails or social media messaging.
4) Inappropriate touching.
5) Displaying sexually explicit images, screensavers, magazines, posters etc.
6) Offensive graffiti.
7) Insults and sexually based bullying.

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8
Q

True or False: If you want to report sexual harassment you will need a witness otherwise it’s just one person’s word against another’s.

A

False. Often sexual harassment is committed with no witnesses. You do not need a witness in order to make a complaint or to be taken seriously.

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9
Q

True or False: It’s not sexual harassment if it is only meant to be a joke and the other person is just being overly sensitive.

A

False. Even if the action was meant as a joke it can still be sexual harassment. Harassment is determined by the effect it had on the victim not the intentions of the perpetrator.

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10
Q

True or False: If the person welcomes the sexual behaviour’s it is not sexual harassment.

A

True. if the attraction is welcomed and mutual then it is not.

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11
Q

True or False: Girls do not sexually harass boys.

A

False. It occurs less often but is still definitely happening.

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12
Q

True or False: If girls go out in revealing clothing, they shouldn’t complain about unwanted sexual comments.

A

False. Everyone has the right to respect no matter what they are wearing or their appearance.

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13
Q

True or False: Boys are the victims of sexual assault just as often as girls.

A

False. Statistics show that 95% of sexual harassment complaints are made by women.

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14
Q

True or False: Telling sexually explicit stories doesn’t count as harassment if they’re true.

A

False. If the story causes intimidation, offence or embarrassment then it is considered harassment.

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15
Q

True or False: Schools have a legal obligation to respond to and take action against sexual assault.

A

True.

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16
Q

True or False: Asking for sex cannot be sexual harassment if you respect and accept their answer.

A

False. These comments can still be unwelcomed and make a person feel uncomfortable therefore still being sexual harassment.

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17
Q

Define discrimination:

A

The unfair treatment of a person based on their personality characteristics.

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18
Q

Examples of discrimination based on gender or sexuality includes treating someone differently or harassing them because:

A

1) Their gender
2) Disability discrimination - HIV or AIDS
3) Sexual preferences (homosexuality, transgender etc)
4) Pregnant or breastfeeding
5) Marital stauts

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19
Q

Is Discrimination against the law?

A

Yes.

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20
Q

Give some examples of discriminatory behaviour that happens in the workplace:

A
  • Paying more to males than females (or any group over another)
  • Allocating specific jobs to a group but not another.
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21
Q

Give some examples of discriminatory behaviour that happens at school:

A
  • Acknowledging boys sporting achievements over girls.
  • Different educational standards for different groups
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22
Q

Give some examples of discriminatory behaviour that happens when someone tries to be employed:

A
  • Avoiding the recruitment of pregnant women, in order to avoid potential maternal leave.
  • Questions specifically targeted at the persons sexuality, marital status, sexual orientation.
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23
Q

Give some examples of discriminatory behaviour that happens when a person tries to rent a house or a flat:

A
  • Choosing tenants based on gender, age, sexuality, appearance and refusing certain groups.
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24
Q

Challenging gender and sexual stereotypes are all about:

A
  • Respecting individuality, Freedom of prejudice and the celebration of differences.
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25
Q

What are some changes that have contributed to the normalisation of modern gender roles, sexualities and identity?

A
  • Legalisation of LGBTQIA+ marriage in 2017
  • Representation within the media (Modern family, greys anatomy and grace and Frankie)
  • Celebrities coming out and sharing their stories and identities.
  • Inspiring people living with disabilities, Kurt Fearnley and Nick Vujicic.
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26
Q

The decisions teenagers make about relationships, participating in sexual activities and abstaining from sex - are influenced by numerous factors. What are some of these factors?

A

Parents/Family, Peers/Friends, Culture/Religion and The Media.

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27
Q

How would a person’s Family affect their sexual choices?

A

Although teenagers gain newfound independence the way they were raised - by their parents is extremely relevant to how they will view and make any decision in life.

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28
Q

How would a person’s Religion affect their sexual choices?

A

Many religions have specific rules about sexual choices some including abstaining from sexual intercourse, waiting until marriage and in some cultures the disapproval of same sex relationships.

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29
Q

How would a person’s Friends affect their sexual choices?

A

Peer pressure plays a crucial role in Friends influence, if one friend is participating in sexual activities others might feel a certain pressure. They are also a constant and heavy influence on an individual’s life, seeing them every single day and generally having similar values and interests.

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30
Q

Safe sex refers to what?

A

Avoiding the exchange of semen, blood, pregnancy or other bodily fluids in sexual contact.

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30
Q

How would The Media affect a person’s sexual choices?

A

Teenagers are constantly exposed to the media and this exposure can sometimes lead to the influence of morals regarding sexuality. (celebrity influence or maybe the watching of media with sexual themes/content).

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31
Q

Why should safe sex be implemented?

A

To avoid unplanned pregnancies and STI’s.

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32
Q

How do you prevent unplanned pregnancies and STI’s?

A

Contraception.

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33
Q

What are some different categories of contraception?

A

Physical barriers and devices, hormonal methods (oral, implant and injectable), sterilisation and emergency methods.

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34
Q

How will the choice of contraception vary?

A

Affected by the type of relationship, individual, values, morals and availability of contraception.

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35
Q

What is Abstinence?

A

Refraining from sexual activity.

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36
Q

What are the 4 types of contraception which are Physical barriers and devices?

A
  • Male Condom
  • Female Condom
  • Diaphragm
  • Intrauterine Device (IUD)
37
Q

What are the 2 oral hormonal contraception’s?

A
  • Mini-Pill
  • Combined Pill
38
Q

What are the 2 types of Hormonal Implants, devices and injectables

A
  • Implanon
  • Depo Provera
39
Q

What are the 2 types of sterilisation contraception’s?

A

Female and male sterilisation.

40
Q

Outline emergency contraception:

A
  • When it is necessary to prevent pregnancy after sex rather than before (pill forgotten, condom broke, rape etc).
  • Hormonal method of contraception which prevents or delays ovulation to stop the fertilised egg from implanting in the uterus.
41
Q

Describe physical barriers of contraception:

A
  • Prevents the sperm from reaching an egg
  • Or prevents the implantation of a fertilised egg.
42
Q

Describe Oral hormonal contraceptives:

A
  • For women
  • In the form of a daily pill
  • Highly effective
  • Prevent pregnancy but not STI’s
  • May have side effects
43
Q

Describe Hormonal implants devices and injectables as a contraception:

A
  • For women
  • Don’t protect against STI’s
  • Side effects
  • Male injectables still being trialled.
44
Q

Describe Sterilisation as a contraception:

A
  • Permanent
  • Made by surgeon/doctor
45
Q

Give some points about The Male Condom: (6)

A
  • Protects against pregnancy and STI’s
  • Made from Latex
  • Will fit over an erect penis or sex toy shaped similarly.
  • Used for vaginal or anal intercourse
  • Creates a physical barrier
  • Highly effective and incredibly common
46
Q

Give some points about The Female Condom: (3)

A
  • Thin sheath or pouch worn by the woman during sex
  • Lines the vagina protecting from STI’s and pregnancy
  • Effective (80%)
47
Q

Give some points about The Diaphragm: (5)

A
  • Dome shaped bowl made of thin flexible rubber
  • Sits over cervix
  • For added protection spermicide is put into the bowl
  • Effective (85%)
  • Does not protect against STI’s
48
Q

Give some points about The Intrauterine device: (7)

A
  • T shaped piece of plastic
  • Placed inside the uterus
  • Prevents pregnancy but not STI’s
  • 2 types one covered in copper wire the other in progesterone
  • Doesn’t allow the sperm to fertilise the egg
  • May prevent ovulation and thicken the cervical mucus preventing sperm from entering the uterus
  • Highly effective (99%)
49
Q

Give some points about The Combined Pill: (3)

A
  • Daily pill
  • Contains hormones
  • Combination of oestrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation
50
Q

Give some points about The Mini Pill: (4)

A
  • Low dose of progesterone (no oestrogen)
  • May change the number of monthly periods
  • Changing the cervical mucus and lining of the uterus
  • Sometimes effects ovulation
51
Q

Give some points about Implanon: (5)

A
  • Small plastic rod
  • Contains progesterone
  • Inserted in arm
  • Works for 3 years
  • Stops ovulation and makes the uterus lining thin
52
Q

Give some points about Depo Provera: (5)

A
  • Lasts for 3 months at a time
  • Injected
  • Hormone production is switched off
  • Ovaries do not release egg
  • Does not work against STI’s
53
Q

Give some points about Female Sterilisation: (5)

A
  • Tubal occlusion
  • Surgical blocking of the fallopian tubes
    OR
  • The Essure method (placing a device into each fallopian tube)
  • Eggs are still released but are broken down and released into body.
  • Ovaries are not effected so periods will continue
54
Q

Give some points about Male Sterlisation:

A
  • Cutting or blocking of tube the sperm takes from the testicles to the penis.
  • Sperm is reabsorbed back into body
  • Incredibly Effective
  • Does not change sexual desire, hormones of the ability to orgasm.
55
Q

What are some reasons someone wouldn’t use contraception specifically a condom?

A
  • Knowing their partners sexual history
  • Having Unplanned Sex
  • Trust in their partner
  • Don’t like condoms
  • Partner doesn’t like condoms
56
Q

What percentage of babies are born to women under 19 in Australia?

A

5% of children.

57
Q

What is the statistic for sexually active females.

A

1/4 may become pregnant.

58
Q

What fraction of these unplanned pregnancies are terminated.

A

Half.

59
Q

True or False: Older women encounter more problems during pregnancy and childbirth than teenage mothers.

A

False it is the oposite.

60
Q

What are some reasons pregnancy might be more complicated or dangerous for a woman?

A
  • For teenage mothers (physical immaturity)
  • High levels of emotional distress
  • Lack of healthcare knowledge
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Alcohol/Drug consumption
  • Poor diet
  • Teenage mothers are more likely to be socioeconomically disadvantaged.
  • Teenage childbirth is more dangerous with risks of underweight of premature babies or need for intensive care.
  • Might be sexually abused or domestically violated.
61
Q

Define STI’s:

A
  • Passed on through skin-skin contact or the exchange of bodily fluids
  • Spread through sexual intercourse commonly
  • If left untreated can have horrible effects on health.
62
Q

What are the 3 kinds of STI’s?

A

1) Bacteria
2) Virus
3) Parasite

63
Q

Name 7 common types of STI’s: “Giant Squirrels Hop Playfully, Chasing Green Hedgehogs.”

A

1) Genital herpes
2) Syphilis
3) Hepatitis B
4) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
5) Chlamydia
6) Gonorrhoea
7) HIV

64
Q

What is the most contracted STI in Australia?

A

Chlamydia.

65
Q

What are some symptoms of Chlamydia?

A
  • Unusual discharge
  • Bleeding/Pain whilst urination
  • A lot of the time no symptoms
66
Q

How is Chlamydia transmitted?

A

By unprotected sex.

67
Q

What are the treatment options for Chlamydia?

A

Antibiotics that target the bacteria causing the disease.

68
Q

What are some symptoms of herpes?

A
  • Blisters or sores on genitals
69
Q

How is Herpes transmitted?

A

Sexual or skin to skin contact.

70
Q

What are some treatment options for herpes?

A

Anti-viral medication which targets the herpes simplex virus that is the cause.

71
Q

What are some symptoms of Genital Warts?

A
  • Warts on the genitals
72
Q

How is it transmitted?

A

Caused by a virus called papillomavirus virus.

73
Q

What are some treatment options for Genital Warts?

A
  • No treatment
  • Time
74
Q

What are some symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

A

Sore throat, discharge, itching, swelling, redness, pain and bleeding.

75
Q

How is Gonorrhoea transmitted?

A
  • Sexually transmitted bacterial infection.
76
Q

What are some treatments for Gonorrhoea?

A
  • Antibiotics
77
Q

What are some symptoms of Syphilis?

A

Sores, Rashes, Fever, Swollen lymph glands, headaches, weight loss, paralysis and blindness.

78
Q

How is Syphilis transmitted?

A

A bacteria spread through sexual activity.

79
Q

What are some treatments for Syphilis?

A
  • On early stages, antibiotics.
80
Q

What are some symptoms of HIV?

A
  • Weakened immune system
  • Fever, fatigue, headache, sore muscles
  • Flu like symptoms
81
Q

How is HIV transmitted? (5)

A
  • Unprotected sex
  • Sharing needles, syringes or other drug injecting equipment
  • Blood to blood contact with an infected person
  • From an infected mother to her child
  • Blood transfusions
82
Q

What are some factors that influence power within a relationship?

A
  • Age, maturation, gender, intelligence, physical size, popularity.
83
Q

Examples of power being used in a positive way within a relationship would be:

A
  • Parents controlling children’s bedtime/curfew.
  • Welcoming a new/exchange student into a group of friends.
  • Mentoring a younger student with learning difficulties
  • Speaking up for a bullied friend.
84
Q

Why are ground rules and boundaries important within a relationship?

A

1) Establish a basis of mutual respect and a set of agreed standards, values and trust.

85
Q

What are some skills needed to communicate your boundaries in a relationship?

A

Skills with negotiation, communication, assertiveness, active listening, empathy and conflict resolution.

86
Q

What are 3 strategies to help connection with different people?

A

1) Ask about background/culture
2) Avoid being judgemental
3) Be a good listener

87
Q

What are 3 benefits to being in a relationship with a person from another culture?

A
  • Learning about others
  • Increased multiculturalism within a society
  • Greater harmony and maybe less conflict.
88
Q

What are 4 rights you have in a positive relationship?

A

1) To be safe
2) To be treated with respect
3) To be able to say no
4) To raise issues for discussion without fear of reprisal

89
Q

What are 3 responsibilities you have in a positive relationship?

A

1) Respect the rights of the person and for them to be safe
2) To treat the other with respect
3) To trust in their person decision and accept their answer (no)

90
Q

Rights to refer to:

A

Freedoms individuals are entitled to.

91
Q

Responsibilities refer to:

A

Social and moral principles individuals should respect and adhere to.

T4 (7 decks)

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