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T4 > Geography Study 😌🌏 > Flashcards

Geography Study 😌🌏 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main biomes?

A

1) Desert
2) Tundra
3) Rainforest
4) Aquatic
5) Grasslands

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2
Q

Name 5 features of the desert:

A
  • Little to No rain
  • Along the Tropics
  • Hot days and Cold nights
  • Few plants
  • Reptiles, birds, insects and camels.
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3
Q

Name 7 features of the tundra:

A
  • 10-25 cm of rain
  • Arctic circle
  • Cold
  • Little rain
  • Grass, moss, flowers
  • Weasels, owl, birds, rodents, sometimes polar bears/
  • Changing coats for animals.
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4
Q

Name 4 features of the Rainforest:

A
  • 200-400 cm of rain
  • Near the equator
  • Hot climate
  • The most plants + animals
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5
Q

Name 2 features of the Aquatic landscape:

A
  • 75% of world
  • Fresh Water, marine (saline).
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6
Q

Name 6 features of the Grasslands:

A
  • 25-27 cm of rain
  • Temperate
  • Tropics
  • Seasons (rain)
  • Mostly grass, few trees
  • Small mammals, insects, snakes and birds.
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7
Q

What is Diurnal temperature range?

A

the highest temperature of the day - the lowest temperature of the day

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8
Q

Why is the tundra the most delicate biome?

A
  • permafrost is in danger of melting
    -once it has melted unlikely to come back.
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9
Q

Why is the tundra biome located in central Asia?

A

The Himalayas.

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10
Q

What biome covers most of the earths landmass?

A

Taiga.

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11
Q

Which biome covers the smallest proportion of the earths landmass?

A

Mediterranean.

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12
Q

Name 6 features that contribute to a places climate?

A
  • Distance from the sea
  • Distance from the equator
  • Landforms that surround it
  • Altitude
  • Ocean currents
  • Air movement
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13
Q

Describe the lines of latitude around earth.

A
  • The sun’s rays are more direct at the equator = more energy is focused on that region = it heats up more quickly.
  • The closer you are to the poles the lower the temperatures.
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14
Q

How many degrees is the Equator?

A

0 degrees.

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15
Q

In the context of geography what is the angle of incidence?

A

The angle of incidence = the angle at which the sun hits it.

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16
Q

Why do we get more heat on the equator?

A
  • The earth is a sphere, we get the most intense temperatures on the equator because the sun hits it at a right angle
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17
Q

In zones above 60 degrees what do we find?

A

Colder and icier places.

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18
Q

What do we find around 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south.

A

Deserts.

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19
Q

What degree is the middle line of longitude?

A

90 degrees.

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20
Q

What is the air pressure in a place with nice weather like? Why?

A

High pressure = air forced down, nice weather

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21
Q

What is the air pressure in a place with bad weather like? Why?

A

Low pressure = air rising, bad weather

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22
Q

Air rising =

A

low pressure

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23
Q

Air sinking =

A

high pressure

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24
Q

Warm water =

A

warm and humid air

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25
Q

Cold water =

A

dry and cooler air

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26
Q

What is the pressure around the tropics (Cancer/Capricorn) like?

A

High pressure.

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27
Q

What is the pressure around the Equator like?

A

Low pressure.

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28
Q

Temperatures fall by around ______ degrees for every _____ metres increase in elevation.

A

1 degree + 100 metres.

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29
Q

What biome do you normally find in the rainshadow?

A

Deserts.

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30
Q

The windward side =

A

The side the wind sweeps up.

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31
Q

The leeward side =

A

side of the rain shadow and lack of rainfall.

32
Q

Define the term climate?

A

The average weather conditions over a 30 year period.

33
Q

List some ways humans might use a biome?

A
  • Recreational purposes
  • Industrial materials
  • Native foods
  • Intensive foods
  • Poaching
  • Ecosystem services
  • Medicine
  • Textiles
  • Science
34
Q

The rainforests give us what percentage of modern medicine?

A

25 %

35
Q

There are 2 ways humans could access food, one is intensive the other one subsistence. Outline the subsistence method?

A

1) Hunting animals that are already there naturally or gathering food that naturally grows.

36
Q

There are 2 ways humans could access food, one is intensive the other one subsistence. Outline the intensive method?

A

2) Altering/changing the environment to give us what we want, the amount we want at the time we want it.

37
Q

Define a biome:

A

Major terrestrial vegetation community.

38
Q

Taiga is also known as a…

A

Coniferous Rainforest.

39
Q

How does latitude affect the amount of solar radiation (direct sunlight)?

A

As latitude increases there is a decrease of solar radiation.

40
Q

How does latitude affect temperature?

A

As latitude increases there is a decrease in temperature.

41
Q

What are the five ways that humans alter biomes?

A

1) Vegetation removal
2) Agriculture
3) Land terracing
4) Irrigation
5) Mining

42
Q

Why do humans remove vegetation?

A

1) Farming
2) Land for animals to graze
3) Resources.

43
Q

Why do humans farm?

A

1) Food source
2) Product/selling
3) Industrial materials/fibres.

44
Q

What is land terracing?

A

Cutting into hills to make steps of flat land to grow rice or ther resources.

45
Q

How do humans mine?

A

1) Dynamite
2) Digging shafts

46
Q

What are some impacts of vegetation removal?

A
  • Extinction of animals due to loss of habitat
  • Rainforests will not grow back
  • Loss of biodiversity
47
Q

What percentage of the earths animals and plants live in forests?

A

70%.

48
Q

Why is biodiversity important?

A
  • Supports ecosystems.
  • Makes ecosystems more adaptable when changes occur.
  • Boosts economies.
  • Enhances science and education.
  • Offers cultural and recreational value.
49
Q

What are some impacts of Agriculture and Irrigation?

A
  • We increase soil salinity when we irrigate whilst farming because we provide the land with too much water.
  • The sun evaporates the top level of water (surface) and in doing so draws up the now incredibly salty deeper water to the top.
  • The soil is now top salty to grow anything.
50
Q

What are some impacts of mining?

A
  • uses massive amounts of chemicals and explosives to obtain minerals.
  • Mining can also be connected to water pollution which can cause great harm to large communities even causing birth deformities.
51
Q

What is fracking?

A

A special type of mining where they pump chemical water deep into the ground to fracture the rock and get oil out. (Water pollution occurs in accordance with fracking).

52
Q

Name the 3 factors soil is affected by?

A
  • Temperature
  • Rainfall
  • The rocks and minerals that make up the bedrock which is the basis of soil development.
53
Q

Why is rainforest soil bad at growing food?

A
  • Not deep
  • Little nutrients
54
Q

What biome is prime for farming?

A

Grassland biome.

55
Q

What are the 3 things us humans need access to?

A

1) Food
2) Fibre
3) Industrial materials

56
Q

What is the most and least productive biomes?

A

Most - Rainforest
Least - Desert

57
Q

Which of the 5 ways we alter biomes is the least harmful?

A

Land terracing.

58
Q

Why do we do all 5 things to alter biomes on large scales?

A

a) To cater for an increase in population and more demand.
b) Increased urbanization means less space for small farms.
c) People grow cash crops

59
Q

How do you sustainably forest?

A
  • Rotating plantations.
60
Q

How do you sustainably farm?

A
  • Crop rotation
  • Biological pest control
61
Q

How do we mine sustainably?

A

YOU CAN”T DA DA DA

62
Q

What is agricultural yeild?

A

The agriculture output per hectare of land.

63
Q

1 hectare =

A

10 000 square meters.

64
Q

Which product has the highest agricultural yeild?

A

Corn.

65
Q

Why is agricultural yield important?

A

If you can increase the yield than you don’t have to use as much land.

66
Q

What are the environmental factors that influence agricultural yields (4)?

A

1) Temperature
2) Water availability
3) Soil
4) Topography

67
Q

Why does the ph level in the soil matter?

A

Different productions prefer different acidity levels.

68
Q

What are 3 methods of farming when topography is difficult?

A
  • Terracing
  • Contour farming
  • Grazing
69
Q

Flowline maps are designed to…

A

Show movement.

70
Q

What does BOLTS stands for?

A

Border, Orientation, Legend, Title, Scale

71
Q

how many numbers does grid reference use?

A

4

72
Q

How many numbers does area reference use?

A

6

73
Q

T or F. Northings are given before eastings.

A

FALSE!!!

74
Q

To calculate the Gradient of a slope =

A

Difference in height

75
Q

T or F. The prime meridian is the middle of the lines of longitude.

A

TRUE!!!

76
Q

T or F Always write Latitude before Longitude?

A

TRUEE!!!!

77
Q

What is the order of the main lines of latitude?

A

Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Cancer
Antarctic Circle

T4 (7 decks)

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