Geography Study 😌🌏 Flashcards
What are the 5 main biomes?
1) Desert
2) Tundra
3) Rainforest
4) Aquatic
5) Grasslands
Name 5 features of the desert:
- Little to No rain
- Along the Tropics
- Hot days and Cold nights
- Few plants
- Reptiles, birds, insects and camels.
Name 7 features of the tundra:
- 10-25 cm of rain
- Arctic circle
- Cold
- Little rain
- Grass, moss, flowers
- Weasels, owl, birds, rodents, sometimes polar bears/
- Changing coats for animals.
Name 4 features of the Rainforest:
- 200-400 cm of rain
- Near the equator
- Hot climate
- The most plants + animals
Name 2 features of the Aquatic landscape:
- 75% of world
- Fresh Water, marine (saline).
Name 6 features of the Grasslands:
- 25-27 cm of rain
- Temperate
- Tropics
- Seasons (rain)
- Mostly grass, few trees
- Small mammals, insects, snakes and birds.
What is Diurnal temperature range?
the highest temperature of the day - the lowest temperature of the day
Why is the tundra the most delicate biome?
- permafrost is in danger of melting
-once it has melted unlikely to come back.
Why is the tundra biome located in central Asia?
The Himalayas.
What biome covers most of the earths landmass?
Taiga.
Which biome covers the smallest proportion of the earths landmass?
Mediterranean.
Name 6 features that contribute to a places climate?
- Distance from the sea
- Distance from the equator
- Landforms that surround it
- Altitude
- Ocean currents
- Air movement
Describe the lines of latitude around earth.
- The sun’s rays are more direct at the equator = more energy is focused on that region = it heats up more quickly.
- The closer you are to the poles the lower the temperatures.
How many degrees is the Equator?
0 degrees.
In the context of geography what is the angle of incidence?
The angle of incidence = the angle at which the sun hits it.
Why do we get more heat on the equator?
- The earth is a sphere, we get the most intense temperatures on the equator because the sun hits it at a right angle
In zones above 60 degrees what do we find?
Colder and icier places.
What do we find around 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south.
Deserts.
What degree is the middle line of longitude?
90 degrees.
What is the air pressure in a place with nice weather like? Why?
High pressure = air forced down, nice weather
What is the air pressure in a place with bad weather like? Why?
Low pressure = air rising, bad weather
Air rising =
low pressure
Air sinking =
high pressure
Warm water =
warm and humid air
Cold water =
dry and cooler air
What is the pressure around the tropics (Cancer/Capricorn) like?
High pressure.
What is the pressure around the Equator like?
Low pressure.
Temperatures fall by around ______ degrees for every _____ metres increase in elevation.
1 degree + 100 metres.
What biome do you normally find in the rainshadow?
Deserts.
The windward side =
The side the wind sweeps up.
The leeward side =
side of the rain shadow and lack of rainfall.
Define the term climate?
The average weather conditions over a 30 year period.
List some ways humans might use a biome?
- Recreational purposes
- Industrial materials
- Native foods
- Intensive foods
- Poaching
- Ecosystem services
- Medicine
- Textiles
- Science
The rainforests give us what percentage of modern medicine?
25 %
There are 2 ways humans could access food, one is intensive the other one subsistence. Outline the subsistence method?
1) Hunting animals that are already there naturally or gathering food that naturally grows.
There are 2 ways humans could access food, one is intensive the other one subsistence. Outline the intensive method?
2) Altering/changing the environment to give us what we want, the amount we want at the time we want it.
Define a biome:
Major terrestrial vegetation community.
Taiga is also known as a…
Coniferous Rainforest.
How does latitude affect the amount of solar radiation (direct sunlight)?
As latitude increases there is a decrease of solar radiation.
How does latitude affect temperature?
As latitude increases there is a decrease in temperature.
What are the five ways that humans alter biomes?
1) Vegetation removal
2) Agriculture
3) Land terracing
4) Irrigation
5) Mining
Why do humans remove vegetation?
1) Farming
2) Land for animals to graze
3) Resources.
Why do humans farm?
1) Food source
2) Product/selling
3) Industrial materials/fibres.
What is land terracing?
Cutting into hills to make steps of flat land to grow rice or ther resources.
How do humans mine?
1) Dynamite
2) Digging shafts
What are some impacts of vegetation removal?
- Extinction of animals due to loss of habitat
- Rainforests will not grow back
- Loss of biodiversity
What percentage of the earths animals and plants live in forests?
70%.
Why is biodiversity important?
- Supports ecosystems.
- Makes ecosystems more adaptable when changes occur.
- Boosts economies.
- Enhances science and education.
- Offers cultural and recreational value.
What are some impacts of Agriculture and Irrigation?
- We increase soil salinity when we irrigate whilst farming because we provide the land with too much water.
- The sun evaporates the top level of water (surface) and in doing so draws up the now incredibly salty deeper water to the top.
- The soil is now top salty to grow anything.
What are some impacts of mining?
- uses massive amounts of chemicals and explosives to obtain minerals.
- Mining can also be connected to water pollution which can cause great harm to large communities even causing birth deformities.
What is fracking?
A special type of mining where they pump chemical water deep into the ground to fracture the rock and get oil out. (Water pollution occurs in accordance with fracking).
Name the 3 factors soil is affected by?
- Temperature
- Rainfall
- The rocks and minerals that make up the bedrock which is the basis of soil development.
Why is rainforest soil bad at growing food?
- Not deep
- Little nutrients
What biome is prime for farming?
Grassland biome.
What are the 3 things us humans need access to?
1) Food
2) Fibre
3) Industrial materials
What is the most and least productive biomes?
Most - Rainforest
Least - Desert
Which of the 5 ways we alter biomes is the least harmful?
Land terracing.
Why do we do all 5 things to alter biomes on large scales?
a) To cater for an increase in population and more demand.
b) Increased urbanization means less space for small farms.
c) People grow cash crops
How do you sustainably forest?
- Rotating plantations.
How do you sustainably farm?
- Crop rotation
- Biological pest control
How do we mine sustainably?
YOU CAN”T DA DA DA
What is agricultural yeild?
The agriculture output per hectare of land.
1 hectare =
10 000 square meters.
Which product has the highest agricultural yeild?
Corn.
Why is agricultural yield important?
If you can increase the yield than you don’t have to use as much land.
What are the environmental factors that influence agricultural yields (4)?
1) Temperature
2) Water availability
3) Soil
4) Topography
Why does the ph level in the soil matter?
Different productions prefer different acidity levels.
What are 3 methods of farming when topography is difficult?
- Terracing
- Contour farming
- Grazing
Flowline maps are designed to…
Show movement.
What does BOLTS stands for?
Border, Orientation, Legend, Title, Scale
how many numbers does grid reference use?
4
How many numbers does area reference use?
6
T or F. Northings are given before eastings.
FALSE!!!
To calculate the Gradient of a slope =
Difference in height
T or F. The prime meridian is the middle of the lines of longitude.
TRUE!!!
T or F Always write Latitude before Longitude?
TRUEE!!!!
What is the order of the main lines of latitude?
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Cancer
Antarctic Circle
