Science Culminating Unit 2 Flashcards
What is the Particle theory of Matter?
- All matter is made up of tiny particles that
have empty spaces between them. - Different substances are made up of different
kinds of particles. - Particles are in constant random motion.
- The particles of a substance move faster as
its temperature increases. - Particles attract each other
What is a pure and compound substance? Give an example of each.
Pure substance :
A substance that is made up of one particle and can not be broken down into simpler substances.
-distilled water
-tin
-sulfur
-Dimond
Compound substance:
A substance that is made up of two or more particles And can be in any shape ( solid, liquid , gas,)
Mechanical mixture solutions
Mechanical Mixture:
When you can see the different substances ( cereal)
Both :
If a liquid or gas mixture appears murky or
opaque, it is a mechanical mixture. Fog, milk,
and orange juice
Solutions:
Look like a pure-substance, but are compounds. You can’t see the different substances
( clear apple juice)
What is an Alloy?
AN alloy is a solution that is made up of two or more metals.
What are The Physical Properties?
It is a physical change to the substance by using your five senses.
Lustre: shininess or dullness
* Optical clarity: light goes through
* Brittleness: breakability or flexibility
* Viscosity: flow or pour
* Hardness: scratch or be scratched by another substance
* Malleability: to be hammered into a thinner sheet or molded
* Ductility: to be drawn (pulled) into a finer strand
* Electrical conductivity: to allow an electric current to pass through it
What is Quantitative and Qualitive?
Qualitative : Physical change with color or texture
Quantitative : Physical changes with mass or length.
What are the Chemical properties?
how it behaves chemically and what
substances it reacts with. Makes a new substance.
- change of colour: a new substance has formed that has a different colour than the original substance
- change of odour: a new substance has formed that has a detectable odour
- bubbles are visible that are not caused by heating: a new substance is produced in the form of a gas
- new solid is seen: a new substance that is produced does not dissolve in the mixture and shows up as a
solid; the solids that are formed in this way are often powdery and are called precipitates - change in temperature or light: energy is released or absorbed during the chemical change, and is detected as a change in temperature or light
What are non-metals , Metals , and Metalloids.
● Non-metals :
usually a gas or a dull powdery solid, that do not conduct heat or electricity (shown in pink on the periodic table above)
● Metals are elements that are lustrous, malleable, and ductile, and conduct heat and
electricity (shown in blue on the periodic table above)
● Metalloids are elements that have properties of both metals and non-metals
What are the four columns names and properties. 1,2,17,18
Group 1 ; Alkali Metals :
Are soft, Shiny, silvery, and highly reactive to metals
Sodium, Lithium, Potassium.
Group 2 ; Alkaline Earth Metals:
Light, shiny, slivery ,not as soft , not as reactive.
Beryllium, Calcium, Barium
Group 17 ; Halogens :
Very reactive, rarely found in elemental form, Often form compounds with Alkali metals.
Chlorine, Bromine
Group 18 ; Nobel gases
Rarely react He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe
What are Ionic/molecular compounds
Molecular Compounds:
A molecule that contains more than one element
Ionic compounds:
An ion is a particle that has either a positive or
a negative charge
* A cation is a positively charged ion (lost
electrons)
* An anion a negatively charged ion (gained
electrons)
Metal+Metal=
Metal+ Non-metal=
Non-metal+ Non-metal=
1.Alloy
2. Ionic compounds
3.Covalent bond (neither atom becomes an ion
by losing or gaining electrons. Instead, the atoms share their
electrons)
