GEO quiz unit 3 Flashcards by Ghaniya Hussaini

Define total stock

All parts of the natural environment including energy, living
organisms, and non-living materials (e.g. sunlight, trees, and water)

Any part of the total stock that becomes useful to humans beings is called a resource

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Why is oil an important commodity?

The popularity of cars created a dependency on gasoline and it’s parent material,
crude oil

Crude oil is used in many petroleum products and commonly used for generating
electricity

This why we are still VERY DEPENDENT ON CRUDE OIL

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Know the different between all 4 types of resources
&
Provide examples of each type of resource

Renewable Resources

. Resources that can be regenerated if
used carefully

. Constantly being replenished by nature
at a rate fast enough that they should
be available for humans as long as we
need them

. The rate at which we use these
resources MUST NOT exceed the rate
at which they are replenished

. E.g. Trees, fish, soil

Non-Renewable Resources

.Resources that are limited and cannot be
replaced once they are used up

.Are created so slowly (over millions of
years), that the stock that exists today is all
there will ever be

. Broken up into 2 categories; fossil fuels
and minerals

. Examples of fossil fuels include oil and
natural gas

. Examples of minerals include copper, iron
ore, gold, and potash

Flow Resources

. Resources are placed by natural
actions and must be used when and
where they occur or be lost

. Produced by nature

. Supply cannot be damaged by human
activity

. E.g. Sunlight, wind, and water currents

Other Resources

. Resources that do not fit into the
other 3 resource categories

. Examples include Niagra Falls, the
northern lights (aurora borealis), and
the Rocky Mountains

. Indirectly benefit us as Canadians
through the tourism industry

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What are each one of the 3 R’s

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

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What environmental pollutants result from landfills

The item is taken to a landfill or burned in an incinerator

The resource losses all of its value when it sits in a landfill

Landfills can pollute the groundwater and the surrounding environment

Landfills and/or incinerators are costly to build and operate

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Examples of each of the 3R’s

. Many different types of products such as steel, paper, glass, and plastic,
can be recycled

However, recycling requires the use of resources throughout the process

. Hand-me-downs

. Used clothing stores (e.g. thrift stores, value village)

. The Beer Store

. Reselling for reuse (e.g. Facebook marketplace, Kijiji, flea markets)

People in wealthy countries, consume a lot
of resources by buying things they do not
necessarily need

Fast fashion

New tech such as iPhones

Single consumable products

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How can consumption be curbed?

. Switch to reusable products. …
. Invest in a water filter. …
. Donate, Swap or Sell. …
. Streamline your laundry routine. …
. Support sustainable brands. …
. Have Less But Better.

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Who are our three key stakeholders?

Individuals

Companies

Governments

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What is QOL mean?

“How can I use resources wisely while
maintaining, or even improving, my quality of life
(QOL)?”

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What impact does consumers have on the market?

Corporations are bound to 2 main
responsibilities:

Legal responsibility to maximize
financial returns for their owners
and shareholders

Obey the laws of the country and
province in which they operate

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Obligations of companies towards sustainability

Being environmentally conscience
also helps a company’s corporate
social responsibility

Companies have found ways to
increase financial returns by using
resources more carefully

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What is the role of government in sustainability?

Governments can also pass laws
forcing companies to rethink how they
operate (e.g. carbon tax)

Governments use either rewards or
punishments to help influence resource
usage

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What is the importance of fresh water

Farmers, First Nations, and other rural dwellers who use wells understand the
impact of drought or chemical spills on their water.

Water supply issues affect millions in SW United States, NE China, Australia
and N Africa.

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Define the term water availability

water is added
through precipitation and taken by
the natural environment and humans

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Water stores and flows

Water Stores: places in the world
where water is stored (ocean, ice,
ground water, lakes and rivers,
atmosphere)

Water Flows: ways water moves
from one store to another
(precipitation, evaporation)

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What are some fresh water sources

. Ice and Snow
.Ground water
.Lakes and rivers
. Atmosphere

What is the difference between water consumption and extraction

Extraction- taking water to be used and it can
be returned to the store again
(river/groundwater) e.g. rice fields

Consumption- taking water to be used and not
returned to the store e.g it evaporates or
cannot be used

Aboriginal people’s access to water and activism

their water is unsafe

.The Neskantaga First Nations has had a boil advisory effect since

First Nations water supply comes from a lake that can not be
treated for consumption and some don’t have access to it at all.

What is environmental racism

populated primarily by people of color and members of low-socioeconomic backgrounds—are burdened with disproportionate numbers of hazards including toxic waste facilitates, garbage dumps, and other sources of environmental pollutions and foul odors that

Who has been affected and what has contributed to their suffering

environmental racism has a serious impact on human health. Members of the Aamjiwnaang Nation

What is agribusiness

the group of industries dealing with agricultural produce and services required in farming

Where is the most popular crop grown in Canada?

Wheat= Prairies

Commercial forests vs. Non-commercial

Commercial Forests:

.. Those which have trees that can
be harvested profitably

. Exist in warmer areas, where
trees grow faster

. Located near roads, railways,
and waterways so timber is
shipped quickly

Non-Commercial Forests:

. Unlikely to be cut down for
industrial use

. Exist on northern fringes of the
forest region where temperature
and rainfall are too low to allow
trees to grow quickly

. Too far to be transported

What is sustained yield management

Use of forest resources at a rate that allows the forest to renew themselves

What is the largest forest chain in Canada?

The Canadian boreal, which stretches from Newfoundland and Labrador on the Atlantic Coast to northeastern British Columbia and the Yukon Territory,

Fishing: what regions is it most significant in?

East Coast, West Coast, and freshwater inland lakes

Inshore vs Offshore

Inshore Vs Offshore Fishing . Inshore fishing is close to shore . Inshore fishing has the fishermen return daily . Inshore fishing brings in more lobster and crustaceans . Offshore fishing is farther away . Offshore fishermen return after a few days at sea . Offshore fishing more pelagic fish

Explain the key factors that separate developed, newly industrialized, and developing economies

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES . Country with a highly developed economy. Its citizens have high incomes, abundant food, good housing, and can afford many luxuries. . Highest standard of living. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES . Country with a poorly developed economy. Sometimes called “less developed”. . Its citizens have low incomes, shortages of food, poor housing, and cannot afford luxuries. NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRY . Country in the transition stage between developing and developed countries. . Typically have rapidly growing economies. Economies were once based on agriculture and over time different manufacturing industries became established.

Explain the difference between the 4 types of industries covered

PRIMARY INDUSTRIES Industries that take raw materials from the natural environment. Also known as extractive industries: removal of raw materials from ground or water . mining, fishing, forestry, oil and gas SECONDARY INDUSTRY Also referred to as the Manufacturing or Processing Industry The extracted primary resources are manufactured into finished goods This process involves many steps. Each step adds value until it is ready to be sold . manufacturing, energy production, food producing TERTIARY INDUSTRY Finished goods are sold to consumers, and/or services are offered to consumers Government taxes are applied in this sector Primary (agriculture): 3.9% Secondary (industry): 18.0% Tertiary (services): 78.1% QUATERNARY INDUSTRY Based on knowledge and skill Intellectual industries provide information services such as consulting, advice, and research to businesses

Basis vs. Non-basic jobs

Basic Jobs - a job that brings money into an economy from somewhere else Non-basic Job - A job that circulates money within an economy

Explain the multiplier effect

the increase in total wealth or income that occurs when new money is injected into an economy

How is economic inequality changing our society?

The economy is cyclical, meaning there is a constant economic flow occurring without you even knowing Therefore, keeping money local by purchasing from a local business makes everybody within the community more well off than buying from Amazon, for example

What is manufacturing

Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into finished goods that can then be sold to customers.

What is the supply chain

The a network of facilities that procure raw materials, transform them into intermediate goods, and then final products to customers through a distribution system It is the whole process of how goods reach the market

Define what raw materials are

a substance used in the manufacturing of a product

 What developments have occurred in manufacturing since 2008?

increase 14.2% in 2022 Highway 407 was built to help reduce traffic congestion in the GTA (it failed) Governments also encourage companies to locate in a particular place by ensuring that there is effective infrastructure to support their operations E.g. transportation and electricity