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Geo Unit 2 > Geo unit 2 quiz flashcards > Flashcards

Geo unit 2 quiz flashcards

1
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

4.6 billion years

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2
Q

What are the 4 eras and their order?

A
  1. Precambrian Era
    2.Paleozoic Era
    3.Mesozoic Era
    4.Cenozoic Era
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3
Q

What are some fact known within each era

A

Precambrian Era
4600 million years ago to 570 million years ago
Shields such as the Canadian shield are formed
Accounts for 87% of earth’s history

Paleozoic Era
570 million years ago to 245 million years ago
Large parts of North America are covered by shallow seas and located near equator
Appalachian mountains are formed

Mesozoic Era
245 million years ago to 66 million years ago
Formation of Rocky Mountains begin
Shallow seas in the interior of North America

Cenozoic Era
66 million years ago to present
Ice sheets cover much of North America
Continents take on present shape

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4
Q

Which era takes up the longest amount of time?

A

Archean

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5
Q

Who came up with the idea of continental drift?

A

Alfred Wegener

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6
Q

What are the 4 pieces of evidence of continental drift?

A
  1. JIGSAW FIT
  2. FOSSIL EVIDENCE
  3. GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
  4. GLACIATION
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7
Q

What does Pangaea mean?

A

All land

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8
Q

What was the supercontinent called?

A

Pangaea

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9
Q

What causes the earth’s plates to move?

A

The heat from radioactive processes within the planet’s interior causes the plates to move

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10
Q

Who came up with this theory?

A

Alfred Wegener

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of plates?

A

: African, Antarctic tectonic plates

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12
Q

What plate do we sit on in North America?

A

the North American Plate

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13
Q

Label the layers of earth that make up the plates

A
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14
Q

What are the 3 types of plate movement?

A

Divergent –Plates pull away
from each other

Convergent –Plates collide
together (3 different ways)

Transform –Plates slide past one
another

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15
Q

What is subduction?

A

When plates collide,
the denser plate is forced down
into the mantle (causes a trench)

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16
Q

What happens to the plate the subducts? Which plate goes under and subducts?

A

The overriding continental
plate is lifted up and a
mountain range is created.

The deepest part of the
subducting plate breaks
into smaller pieces. They
become locked in place for
long periods of time before
moving causing large
earthquakes.

17
Q

Which plate boundary does subduction occur at?

A

OCEAN – CONTINENTAL
CONVERGENCE

18
Q

What is folding?

A

When two tectonic plates that make up the
Earth’s crust push together at their border.

19
Q

Which plate boundary does folding occur in?

A

CONTINENT – CONTINENT
CONVERGENCE-(mountains)

20
Q

Why do plates move?

A

Convection currents

In the mantle there is: magma =
liquid rock) which is VERY hot.

Heating and cooling of the
magma produces convection
currents which moves the plates

21
Q

What is a fault?

A

The place where two plates pass is called a fault.

22
Q

Where is the San Andreas fault?

A

APPROX. 810 MILES
(1300 KILOMETERS)

Extends to depths of 10+ miles (16+
kilometers)

23
Q

What is the Marianna Trench?

A

it is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth.

24
Q

Label the inside of a volcano

A
  1. Ash Cloud
  2. Side Vent
  3. Crust
  4. Vent
  5. Lava
  6. Conduit
  7. Magma Chamber
25
Q

What is the difference between lava & magma?

A

magma for molten rock that is underground and lava for molten rock that breaks through the Earth’s surface.

26
Q

What causes a tsunami?

A

When tectonic plates grind together and get stuck,
pressure builds until they slam into a new position this makes an under water earthquake. Once the giant wave reaches shallow water then the tsunami gets bigger.

27
Q

what is the warning system for tsunamis called

A

Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of
Tsunamis (DART)

28
Q

what the effects on an earthquake are

A

result of movements
within the earth’s crust or
volcanic action.

29
Q

Know the difference between rocks & minerals

A
  1. Rocks are comprised of minerals, but minerals are not comprised of
    rocks
  2. The commercial value of minerals is immense & rocks are mined to
    extract these minerals
  3. Minerals are pure & made of the same substance, rocks are not
  4. Rocks can contain one or more fossils, MINERALS cannot
  5. Minerals = single definite shape and a single colour
  6. Rocks usually different colours and not a single shape
30
Q

What are the 3 types of rocks? Know about them, how to describe them, examples and how each formed

A

Igneous =
formed when magma (lava) cools.
intrusive rocks:
1. magma cools
2. crystallizes slowly
3. in the earth’s crust
3. takes a few thousand years
to cool
3. allows LARGE crystals to
form

Sedimentary=
any rock exposed at the earth’s surface.
Weathering: The forces
of wind, rain, snow and ice combined breaks down and
dissolves the rock.

Those particles that are exposed (on the surface) are
carried away (transport).

Lithification: Once these particles come to rest,
pressure is applied and rock is formed.

Metamorphic=
When igneous or
sedimentary rock is subjected to
stress, strain, or heat and does
NOT melt, it changes into a new
type of rock.

31
Q

What are the 3 ways rocks are formed?

A

1) When melted minerals cool and harden

2) When pieces of rocks and minerals become
cemented together

3) When existing rocks are slowly changed by heat
and pressure

32
Q

Know the processes in the rock cycle (be able to know the terms for each stage)

A

https://classroom.google.com/c/NTAxNDc4NTYyODIx/m/NTAzMjg4MDY0OTA1/details

33
Q

What does Glaciation mean and what effect does it describe?

A
  1. Glaciation is the process of
    ice advancing and
    covering large areas of
    land.
  2. Erosional Effects

Erosion: the moving of broken up pieces of rock

  1. Depositional Effects

deposition: the building up of eroded

materials in a new location

34
Q

What effect does deposition have on the environment?

A

Soils have become more acidic and less fertile,

35
Q

What is weather & climate and the difference between them?

A

WEATHER: the condition in the atmosphere at
any given time

(what you see out of your window everyday)

CLIMATE: daily weather conditions of a place
over a long period of time
(the weather averaged over a period of time)

36
Q

Define maritime climate and continental climate

A

MARITIME CLIMATE: areas that are close to oceans
or large seas, located on the coast of a land mass

CONTINENTAL CLIMATE: areas far from oceans and
large seas, located in the interior of a large land mass

37
Q

What are the 6 factors that affect climate? Be able to explain each one

A

Latitude =Temperature:
Energy from the sun hits the earth at the equator
Closer to the equator = warmer temperature
Precipitation:
Warmer air can hold more moisture than colder air;
therefore, areas further away from the equator are drier
than areas closer to the equator.

Ocean currents= Temperature - When warm, they raise temperatures along
the coast (especially in winter) and when cold, they lower
temperatures (especially in summer)

Precipitation - When warm, they help to create wet coastal
climates. When cold, they help create drier coastal
climates.

Winds and air masses=Temperature - When they move off large bodies of
water onto land, they moderate temperatures and
when they move off large land areas, they bring more
extreme temperatures.

Precipitation - When they move off ocean areas onto
land, they bring moisture and when they move from
large land areas, they bring drier conditions.

Elevation (Altitude)=Temperature - The higher you go, the cooler it gets
and vice versa.

Precipitation - The higher you go, the more
precipitation you are likely to get because the air
expands and can’t hold the moisture.

Relief=As air is forced over mountain
barriers, it cools and creates
precipitation.

Near Water=Summer - body of water is cooler than land (as wind blows
over water the land becomes cooler) = COOLER SUMMERS

Winter – body of water retains heat and is warmer than
the land (wind blowing over the water warms the land)

= MILDER/WARMER WINTERS

REMEMBER: “LOWER Near
water”=Not close to any body of water = Temperature range is
GREAT because there is no body of water to affect the
temperature

Areas located far from large bodies of water have

WARMER SUMMER temperatures and COOLER WINTER
temperatures

Geo Unit 2 (9 decks)

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