Geo unit 2 quiz flashcards

Question 1

How old is the Earth?

Answer 1

4.6 billion years

Question 2

What are the 4 eras and their order?

Answer 2

1. Precambrian Era
   2.Paleozoic Era
   3.Mesozoic Era
   4.Cenozoic Era

Question 3

What are some fact known within each era

Answer 3

Precambrian Era
4600 million years ago to 570 million years ago
Shields such as the Canadian shield are formed
Accounts for 87% of earth’s history

Paleozoic Era
570 million years ago to 245 million years ago
Large parts of North America are covered by shallow seas and located near equator
Appalachian mountains are formed

Mesozoic Era
245 million years ago to 66 million years ago
Formation of Rocky Mountains begin
Shallow seas in the interior of North America

Cenozoic Era
66 million years ago to present
Ice sheets cover much of North America
Continents take on present shape

Question 4

Which era takes up the longest amount of time?

Answer 4

Archean

Question 5

Who came up with the idea of continental drift?

Answer 5

Alfred Wegener

Question 6

What are the 4 pieces of evidence of continental drift?

Answer 6

1. JIGSAW FIT
2. FOSSIL EVIDENCE
3. GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
4. GLACIATION

Question 7

What does Pangaea mean?

Answer 7

All land

Question 8

What was the supercontinent called?

Answer 8

Pangaea

Question 9

What causes the earth’s plates to move?

Answer 9

The heat from radioactive processes within the planet’s interior causes the plates to move

Question 10

Who came up with this theory?

Answer 10

Alfred Wegener

Question 11

What are the 2 types of plates?

Answer 11

: African, Antarctic tectonic plates

Question 12

What plate do we sit on in North America?

Answer 12

the North American Plate

Question 13

Label the layers of earth that make up the plates

Question 14

What are the 3 types of plate movement?

Answer 14

Divergent –Plates pull away
from each other

Convergent –Plates collide
together (3 different ways)

Transform –Plates slide past one
another

Question 15

What is subduction?

Answer 15

When plates collide,
the denser plate is forced down
into the mantle (causes a trench)

Question 16

What happens to the plate the subducts? Which plate goes under and subducts?

Answer 16

The overriding continental
plate is lifted up and a
mountain range is created.

The deepest part of the
subducting plate breaks
into smaller pieces. They
become locked in place for
long periods of time before
moving causing large
earthquakes.

Question 17

Which plate boundary does subduction occur at?

Answer 17

OCEAN – CONTINENTAL
CONVERGENCE

Question 18

What is folding?

Answer 18

When two tectonic plates that make up the
Earth’s crust push together at their border.

Question 19

Which plate boundary does folding occur in?

Answer 19

CONTINENT – CONTINENT
CONVERGENCE-(mountains)

Question 20

Why do plates move?

Answer 20

Convection currents

In the mantle there is: magma =
liquid rock) which is VERY hot.

Heating and cooling of the
magma produces convection
currents which moves the plates

Question 21

What is a fault?

Answer 21

The place where two plates pass is called a fault.

Question 22

Where is the San Andreas fault?

Answer 22

APPROX. 810 MILES
(1300 KILOMETERS)

Extends to depths of 10+ miles (16+
kilometers)

Question 23

What is the Marianna Trench?

Answer 23

it is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth.

Question 24

Label the inside of a volcano

Answer 24

1. Ash Cloud
2. Side Vent
3. Crust
4. Vent
5. Lava
6. Conduit
7. Magma Chamber

Question 25

What is the difference between lava & magma?

Answer 25

magma for molten rock that is underground and lava for molten rock that breaks through the Earth's surface.

Question 26

What causes a tsunami?

Answer 26

When tectonic plates grind together and get stuck, pressure builds until they slam into a new position this makes an under water earthquake. Once the giant wave reaches shallow water then the tsunami gets bigger.

Question 27

what is the warning system for tsunamis called

Answer 27

Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART)

Question 28

what the effects on an earthquake are

Answer 28

result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.

Question 29

Know the difference between rocks & minerals

Answer 29

1. Rocks are comprised of minerals, but minerals are not comprised of rocks 2. The commercial value of minerals is immense & rocks are mined to extract these minerals 3. Minerals are pure & made of the same substance, rocks are not 4. Rocks can contain one or more fossils, MINERALS cannot 5. Minerals = single definite shape and a single colour 6. Rocks usually different colours and not a single shape

Question 30

What are the 3 types of rocks? Know about them, how to describe them, examples and how each formed

Answer 30

Igneous = formed when magma (lava) cools. intrusive rocks: 1. magma cools 2. crystallizes slowly 3. in the earth’s crust 3. takes a few thousand years to cool 3. allows LARGE crystals to form Sedimentary= any rock exposed at the earth’s surface. Weathering: The forces of wind, rain, snow and ice combined breaks down and dissolves the rock. Those particles that are exposed (on the surface) are carried away (transport). Lithification: Once these particles come to rest, pressure is applied and rock is formed. Metamorphic= When igneous or sedimentary rock is subjected to stress, strain, or heat and does NOT melt, it changes into a new type of rock.

Question 31

What are the 3 ways rocks are formed?

Answer 31

1) When melted minerals cool and harden 2) When pieces of rocks and minerals become cemented together 3) When existing rocks are slowly changed by heat and pressure

Question 32

Know the processes in the rock cycle (be able to know the terms for each stage)

Answer 32

https://classroom.google.com/c/NTAxNDc4NTYyODIx/m/NTAzMjg4MDY0OTA1/details

Question 33

What does Glaciation mean and what effect does it describe?

Answer 33

1. Glaciation is the process of ice advancing and covering large areas of land. 2. Erosional Effects Erosion: the moving of broken up pieces of rock 3. Depositional Effects deposition: the building up of eroded materials in a new location

Question 34

What effect does deposition have on the environment?

Answer 34

Soils have become more acidic and less fertile,

Question 35

What is weather & climate and the difference between them?

Answer 35

WEATHER: the condition in the atmosphere at any given time (what you see out of your window everyday) CLIMATE: daily weather conditions of a place over a long period of time (the weather averaged over a period of time)

Question 36

Define maritime climate and continental climate

Answer 36

MARITIME CLIMATE: areas that are close to oceans or large seas, located on the coast of a land mass CONTINENTAL CLIMATE: areas far from oceans and large seas, located in the interior of a large land mass

Question 37

What are the 6 factors that affect climate? Be able to explain each one

Answer 37

Latitude =Temperature: Energy from the sun hits the earth at the equator Closer to the equator = warmer temperature Precipitation: Warmer air can hold more moisture than colder air; therefore, areas further away from the equator are drier than areas closer to the equator. Ocean currents= Temperature - When warm, they raise temperatures along the coast (especially in winter) and when cold, they lower temperatures (especially in summer) Precipitation - When warm, they help to create wet coastal climates. When cold, they help create drier coastal climates. Winds and air masses=Temperature - When they move off large bodies of water onto land, they moderate temperatures and when they move off large land areas, they bring more extreme temperatures. Precipitation - When they move off ocean areas onto land, they bring moisture and when they move from large land areas, they bring drier conditions. Elevation (Altitude)=Temperature - The higher you go, the cooler it gets and vice versa. Precipitation - The higher you go, the more precipitation you are likely to get because the air expands and can’t hold the moisture. Relief=As air is forced over mountain barriers, it cools and creates precipitation. Near Water=Summer - body of water is cooler than land (as wind blows over water the land becomes cooler) = COOLER SUMMERS Winter – body of water retains heat and is warmer than the land (wind blowing over the water warms the land) = MILDER/WARMER WINTERS REMEMBER: “LOWER Near water”=Not close to any body of water = Temperature range is GREAT because there is no body of water to affect the temperature Areas located far from large bodies of water have WARMER SUMMER temperatures and COOLER WINTER temperatures