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school - year 8 > Science - Chemistry 2 > Flashcards

Science - Chemistry 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are physical properties?

A

a description of how a material behaves and responds to forces and energy.

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2
Q

Metal Physical property

A

Malleable - Can be hammered into any shape
Ductile - Can be stretched
Shiny (when polished)
good conductors of heat and electricity
strong

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3
Q

What are chemical properties?

A

how a substance reacts with other substances.

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4
Q

What happens when silver reacts with oxygen

A

It turns black

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5
Q

What happens when magnesium is put in chlorine gas?

A

It will burn

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6
Q

Catalyst

A

Substance that changes the speed of a reaction without being permanently changed itself.

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7
Q

What are the metals used in car catalytic converters?

A

Platinum, palladium and rhodium

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8
Q

Rust

A

Rust is an iron oxide formed when iron reacts with oxygen and water or air moisture.

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9
Q

Corrosion

A

Is when the surface of a metal reacts with oxygen (an oxidation reaction)

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10
Q

Rusting

A

The corrosion of iron

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11
Q

what metals are used to make roof panels and windows

A

Aluminium and titanium as both metals corrode naturally in air forming a surface layer of metal oxide. The oxide layer sticks to the surface and doesn’t affect the strength of the metal and protects it from further corrosion.

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12
Q

How do you prevent rust?

A

You could use paint or a barrier.

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13
Q

What happens when metals react with water?

A

hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide

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14
Q

How to test for hydrogen?

A

To test for hydrogen we can use a squeaky pop test as hydrogen is highly flammable and reacts with oxygen to form water

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15
Q

metals + oxygen?

A

metal oxide

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16
Q

What makes evidence good

A

If it is accurate and reliable

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17
Q

Accuracy

A

This describes how close a measurement is to its real value. Accuracy depends on a number of factors including using correct measuring device, controlling variables and the skill of the experimenter

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18
Q

Reliability

A

If the results are measured by one experimenter are all very close together, then we say they are repeatable.
If others get similar close values we say that data is reproducible.
If data is reliable it needs to be repeatable and reproducible with a small range of values and few or no anomalous results.

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19
Q

Top 3 reactive metals

A

Potassium Sodium Lithium

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20
Q

Middle Top reactive metals

A

Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc

21
Q

Middle Lower reactive metals

A

Iron tin lead

22
Q

Lower reactive metals

A

Copper mercury silver gold platinum

23
Q

What happens when a metal reacts with an acid

A

effervescence occurs and the metal seems to disappear into the solution. Hydrogen is given off and a salt is formed which seems invisible. This is because salts are colourless and soluble so they stay disaollved into the solution.

24
Q

Metal + Acid ->

A

Metal salt + hydrogen

25
Q

Hydrochloric acids ->
Sulfuric acids ->
nitric acids ->

A

Chloride salts
Sulphate salts
Nitrate salts

26
Q

How to achieve a dry sample of salt?

A

Add metal to acid and let reaction take place, filter to remove excess of the metal and then heat it to evaporate the water leaving the salt

27
Q

What are alloys?

A

Mixtures of metals are called alloys.

28
Q

What does solder alloy help in?

A

lower melting point than lead and is used in pipes

29
Q

What does duralumin help with?

A

Lighter and streonger than aluminium and is used in planes and is less malleable.

30
Q

What does stainless steel help in

A

Stronger and more resistant to corrosion than iron and is used in utensils.

31
Q

Why are alloys less malleable and keeps their shape better than pure metals?

A

Pure metals are arranged in organized layers with the same atom making it easier to change it’s shape while in allows the atoms are different which blocks the structure preventing the layers to not slide as easily.

32
Q

Non-metal properties

A

Substances with low melting points
Brittle (when solid)
Not shiny
Poor conductors of heat
Poor conductors of electricity

33
Q

What to do when writing equations with hydroxide

A

the equation will be OH not HO

34
Q

Oxide layer

A

protective layer prevents further corrosion of metal

35
Q

Group one metals produce metal hydroxides in?

A

1:1 ratios, LiOH

36
Q

Group two metals produce metal hydroxides in?

A

1:2 ratios, Mg(OH)2

37
Q

Group three metals produce metal hydroxides in?

A

1:3 ratios, Al(OH)3

38
Q

Group one metals produce metal oxides in?

A

2:1 ratio, M2O

39
Q

Group two metals produce metal oxides in?

A

1:1 ratio, MO

40
Q

Group three metals produce metal oxides in?

A

2:3 ratio, M2O3

41
Q

Independent Variable

A

What we change

42
Q

Dependent Variable

A

What we measure

43
Q

Acid + Alkali

A

Salt + Water

44
Q

What is a word equation?

A

A word equation is used as a quick, shorthand way of writing a chemical reaction.

45
Q

What is stainless steel made out of?

A

melting iron and adding carbon, chromium and nickel

46
Q

What is solder made out of?

A

melting lead and adding tin, solder melts at a lower temperature than lead, can be useful for acting like a glue on electrical circuits

47
Q

Pure metals and alloys boiling and melting points?

A

Pure metals (pure substances) have fixed melting and boiling points. These can be used to identify substances.
Alloys (impure substances) have different melting and boiling points depending on the composition of the alloy.

48
Q
A

school - year 8 (11 decks)

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