Science - Chemistry Flashcards
Neutralisation reaction
The chemical reaction when an acid reacts with a base to create water and a salt
- the salt contains the anion from the acid and the cation from the base
Acid
A substance that releases H+ when dissolved in water and has a low pH level
Base
A substance that reacts with acids and is high on the pH scale
Moles (mol or n)
Moles are a measurement for the amount of a substance
- 1 mole of a substance is equal to 6.02 x 10^23 particles of Avogadro’s number
Molar Mass (M)
This is the mass of 6.02 x 10^23 particles of a particular substance
- It is the atomic weight on the periodic table
Molarity (c or M)
The amount of moles per litre of water or solvent
Solution
A mixture of a solvent and solute
Solvent
Something of a which a solute can dissolve into
Solute
A substance that can dissolve into a solvent
Soluble
It can dissolve
Moles to grams (Vis Versa)
To convert from Moles to grams:
- Molar Mass * Moles = grams
To convert from Grams to Moles:
- Grams / Molar Mass = Moles
Moles to Molarity (Vis Versa)
To convert from Moles to Molarity:
- Moles / litres = Concentration
to convert from Molarity to Moles:
- Litres * Concentration = Moles
Titration
Otherwise known as volumetric analysis, it is process of determining the concentration of a substance (analyte) with a known volume by reacting it with substance of a known concentration.
- By doing so the point where they neutralise and the indicator activates, the volume of the known concentration which reacts with the known volume of the unknown concentration
- Thus the concentration can then be found
Calculating titration
- Find the molar ration between the base and acid
- Multiply the the average titre with the known concentration to find moles
- Use molar ratio to find moles for the unknown concentration or aliquot
- Divide moles with known volume in aliquot to find concentration
Aliquot
The known amount of substance that has an unknown concentration
