Science - Ch. 10 - Water

Question 1

Aquifer

Answer 1

A reservoir of fresh water that forms underground

Question 2

Fresh water

Answer 2

A type of water with less than 1% dissolved salts

Question 3

Glacier

Answer 3

Slow moving mass of ice and overlying snow

Question 4

Groundwater

Answer 4

Water that flows and pools underground. It fills all the air spaces in the soil and in the tiny cracks in the rock.

Question 5

Heat capacity

Answer 5

An ability of a substance to absorb heat

Question 6

Ice sheet

Answer 6

A huge glacier that covers land. (particularly large)

Question 7

Microclimate. Give an example

Answer 7

An area with a climate that differs somewhat from the climate of the area around it. ex. greenhouse

Question 8

Polar icecap

Answer 8

Ice sheets located at the North and South Pole. (big ice masses at the poles)

Question 9

Salinity

Answer 9

Amount of dissolved salts in water

Question 10

Salt water

Answer 10

Type of water with 3.5% dissolved salts

Question 11

Watershed

Answer 11

An area of land from which all the water drains or flows into one main body of water

Question 12

Water table

Answer 12

The upper surface of groundwater

Question 13

Well

Answer 13

Long shallow shaft drilled into the aquifer to obtain fresh water

Question 14

What three things do you do on a typical day that are a part of the water cycle?

Answer 14

• boiling water
• skating on ice
• swimming

Question 15

List human activities that can affect the watershed/ways groundwater can become polluted?

Answer 15

• pesticides
• manure
• acid rain
• flushing contaminates down toilets or drains

Question 16

What is glacial period?

Answer 16

the cooling of Earth’s temperature. Also “ice age”

Question 17

How can a large body of water affect the climate of an area?

Answer 17

The temperatures in an area near a large body of water are moderate, meaning that there are no drastic changes between highs and lows. (because of the waters large surface area)

Question 18

What are the names of all of the 5 Great Lakes and the 3 oceans that are around Canada?

Answer 18

• Great Lakes - Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior, Huron

- Oceans - Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic

Question 19

3 factors that can influence the size of glaciers?

Answer 19

• Global warming & greenhouse effect can cause a glacier to melt and shrink
• Increased snowfall in a region can increase the size of a glacier
• The amount of precipitation can affect the size

Question 20

Is most of Canada’s fresh water below ground? Why?

Answer 20

Yes. ⅔ of water in Canada underground, ⅓ on the surface.

Question 21

Do oceans and lakes (fresh water) have the same concentration of salt in them?

Answer 21

No. Oceans have 3.5% dissolved salts where fresh water has less than 1%

Question 22

What is the greenhouse effect?

Answer 22

greenhouse effect is when carbon dioxide is trapped in the atmosphere.

Question 23

Is there a continental divide that separates Canada from the US?

Answer 23

No.

Question 24

What is the great continental divide?

Answer 24

Water can’t flow uphill so mountain ridges create natural “divides”. The Rocky Mountains acts as a divide and are referred to as the Great Continental Divide.

Question 25

Why do places near water have moderate temperatures?

Answer 25

Cause water has a higher heat capacity than the air or land. Water takes longer than heat or land, but the absorbed heat will stay longer.