SCIENCE ALL 3RD 9 WEEKS TEST QUESTIONS Flashcards
Which feature of the protozoan is associated with organisms in the plant kingdom but not in other kingdoms except protists?
Chloroplast. Why? Plant Kingdom contains chloroplasts which are where photosynthesis occurs. This is important because plants are well-known for being autotrophs. (photosynthesis makes glucose –> food)
A student uses a microscope to observe a single-celled organism that can move. The organism contains a nucleus and many chloroplasts. Based on the observations, the student claims the organism is not a bacterium. Which observation best supports the student’s claim?
The organism has a nucleus. Why? Most (if not all) bacteria don’t have a nucleus. Some bacteria can produce food by themselves meaning they have a chloroplast.
What are two things that the Animalia Kingdom has in common with the Plantae Kingdom?
They are both Eukaryotes and Multicellular. Why? Eukaryotes contain a nucleus and are multicellular because both animals and plants need multiple cells to carry out the function of that organism.
The following best describes a similarity between photosynthesis and the changes in energy.
During photosynthesis, a plant’s leaves change solar energy into chemical energy, and then the chemical energy is used for the plant’s life functions.
Deer need producers and oxygen to provide energy and matter for their cells. What is the primary source of oxygen for the deer in this ecosystem?
The oxygen is a product of photosynthesis by the grasses.
Why? Photosynthesis has the outcome (products) of glucose and oxygen.
Choose A or B:
A) Animals consume oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Plants consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
B) Animals consume carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen. Plants consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Correct Answer –> A
What substance is a product of photosynthesis and is used as a reactant in respiration?
Oxygen. Why? IDK BUT LOOK AT THE FORMULA
Reactants of Photosynthesis
Sunlight energy
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Products of Photosynthesis
Glucose
Oxygen
Reactants of Cellular Respiration
Glucose
Oxygen
Products of Cellular Respiration
ATP energy
Carbon dioxide
Water
What organelle does photosynthesis take place in?
Chloroplast
What organelle does cellular respiration take place in?
Mitochondria
Why is photosynthesis important?
it produces the food and oxygen other organisms need to survive.
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
What is the correct chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
What are plants called since they make their own food?
Autotrophs. Tip: Automatically make food
What are animals called since they need to find food?
Heterotrophs
What does aerobic mean?
In presence of oxygen
What does anaerobic mean?
No oxygen
What is fermentation another word for?
anaerobic
What does fermentation perform?
Cellular respiration without oxygen
What is the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back?
Carbon cycle
What are 3 ways that carbon is released into the atmosphere?
Combustion
Human Influence
Respiration
Which process is NOT a way that carbon in dead organisms is returned to the carbon cycle?
photosynthesis. Why? photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide is a reactant) to make oxygen.
What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration?
Both use sugar, but only Aerobic uses oxygen as a reactant.
Is fermentation a form of aerobic or anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic because it doesn’t use oxygen.
What gas do animals produce in gas exchange?
Carbon Dioxide
In which situation would the Mitosis process be beneficial to the cells?
For growth and repair, because it produces identical types of cells
In which stage do “sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell”?
Anaphase
What phase do cells stay in 90% of the time?
Interphase
Explain Interphase
The cell grows and develops; chromosomes duplicate.
Explain Prophase
DNA condenses; the nuclear membrane disappears.
Explain Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Explain Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm divides and two new daughter cells are formed.
Explain Metaphase
Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell.
Explain Telophase
Chromosomes uncoil and the cell begins to separate into two cells.
It has 26 chromosomes in each parent cell. How many chromosomes would each daughter cell contain after the parent cell undergoes mitosis?
26
How many parent cells does the cell cycle start with?
1
How many identical daughter cells does mitosis forms?
2
What is the reason that human skin cells frequently undergo mitosis?
to replace dead or damaged skin cells
How many chromosomes are in a human cell?
46
How many homologous pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell?
- Why? if there are 46 chromosomes, there are 23 PAIRS
In male organisms, the process results in cells that each have a special organelle that helps the cell move. Which organelle has this function?
Flagella. Why? Flagella is a type of tail that helps things like sperm move.
Genetic diversity between all four daughter cells, with no two being the same. Which component in the model helps account for creating this diversity?
Crossing-over (DNA)
Which process results in half the number of chromosomes in the daughter cell as the parent cell?
Meiosis
When does one cell cycle end?
when the cell divides to make two identical new cells
Which structure is produced by the centrioles and helps split the chromosomes?
spindle fibers
Which of the following is the objective of mitosis?
It ensures that each new daughter cell has the same amount of DNA as the parent cell.
Which statement correctly describes the probability that the offspring of this cross will display certain traits?
(bb, Bb)
50% yellow pods and 50% green pods
When a dominant allele is present in an organism, the trait of that dominant allele
always shows up in the organism
How many offsprings will have a dominant allele if the parents are FF, ff
4/4
AA would best be described as:
Homozygous Dominant
Tay-Sachs disease results when someone is homozygous recessive for the trait (tt). If two parents who each did NOT have Tay-Sachs give birth to a baby with Tay-Sachs, what do the parents’ genotypes have to be?
Tt x Tt
Mark received one dominant allele for brown hair from his father and another dominant allele from his mother. Which word describes his genotype?
homozygous dominant
One dog carries homozygous black fur traits (BB) and its mate carries homozygous blonde fur traits (bb). What is the probability that one of their puppies will have black fur?
100
If the allele R represents rough hands and r represents soft hands, what type of hands would a child with the “Rr” genotype most likely have?
Rough hands
What is a genotype?
Genetic makeup (hh)
What is a phenotype?
Describes the trait (black hair)
In a cross between two flowering plants, one parent has purple flowers (Pp) and the other parent has white flowers (pp). Which of these describes the phenotypes of the offspring expected from this cross?
50% white-flowered and 50% purple-flowered
If both parents of a child are heterozygous for tongue rolling (Tt), there is a 25% chance that their child won’t be able to roll his tongue. Which of these BEST explains this result?
The child inherited one recessive allele from each parent.
