Reformation Flashcards
a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s
Protestant Reformation
Christians who don’t follow the Catholic or Eastern Orthodox Church.
Protestants
a protestant group in France
Huguenots
to formally take back
recant
actions against God or church law
sins
a kind of cancellation of punishment for sin
indulgences
a document outlining his ideas about why the Church was wrong to exchange indulgences for donations
Luther’s 95 Theses
The assembly of religious leaders and princes where Luther was ordered to appear. There, he was told to recant his beliefs. But when he refused, he was excommunicated
Diet of Worms
was a treaty that allowed citizens to practice their own religion
Peace of Westphalia
a series of meetings called in 1545, to find ways to revive the moral authority of the Catholic Church and stop the spread of Protestantism
Council of Trent
a movement to strengthen the teachings and structure of the Catholic Church
Counter Reformation
an official act of ending a marriage (official agreement, decision, or result) and also to act like it never happened.
Annul
a time of religious persecution
inquisition
religious subgroups
sect
a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. Also known as the Society of Jesus
Jesuits
official decree by a king or other leader
edict
an act that made the king of England the leader of the Church of England
Act of Supremacy
the idea that God had long ago determined who had gained salvation
predestination
a government ruled by church leaders
theocracy
expanded the practice of indulgences across Europe
Pope Leo X
believed that faith alone could allow going to heaven
Martin Luther
He was a protestant reformer, who studied theology and philosophy in Paris. Planned to become a priest.
John Calvin
Translated the Bible from Greek to English. He hoped his efforts would help people to have a stronger understanding of God.
William Tyndale
helped translate the Bible. He said that he would spend his life helping commoners understand God.
John Wycliffe
Led the inquisition
Pope Innocent IV
Became a knight for an influential relative and wrote the Jesuits.
Ignatius of Loyola
Rebelled against the Church for personal reasons. Strongly opposed Martin Luther. He wanted to annul his marriage. He created the Anglican Church.
Henry VIII
1st wife of Henry. Had a divorce because she had a daughter and not a son.
Catherine of Aragon
Daughter of Henry and Catherine. She became Queen Mary I. Her brutal persecution of Protestants earned the name, “Bloody Mary.”
Mary Tudor
Ruled over England after Mary and didn’t marry anyone. Last Tudor member.
Elizabeth I
Ruled Scotland her own way
Mary Queen of Scots
Ruled Scotland her own way
Mary Queen of Scots
