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TExES Core Subjects EC-6 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Never put chemicals back into the container to avoid contamination
Properly dispose of excess chemicals in liquid waste bottles.
Always wear safety goggles when working with glass, chemicals, or fire
Wash hands before and after experiments
Direct the openings of containers away from faces
Never use/touch chipped or broken glass
Do not eat or drink in the lab
Never directly smell chemicals; instead, waft the air toward the face
Do not taste chemicals
Keep water and objects away from electrical outlets
Always notify the teacher in the case of a spill or accident.

A

common safety practices

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2
Q

First aid kit - treat minor injuries
Fire extinguisher - put out flames on materials
Fire blanket - put out flames on a person
Goggles - protect eyes when using glassware or chemicals
Fume hood - pulls chemical gasses up and away from people
Body shower / Safety shower - wash chemical spills off a person
Eyewash station - wash chemicals out of a person’s eye

A

Common safety equipment

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3
Q

a standardized information sheet for a substance; includes information about health risks, safe disposal and cleanup of spills, and environmental risks

Any substance used in the classroom should have a physical or digital_________ accessible in the classroom

A

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

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4
Q

Wave the air toward the face. The safe way to smell a test tube.

A

Waft

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5
Q

The compound name, written out in words
Who made the sample
The date the sample was made
Hazards associated with the material

A

label all chemicals

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6
Q

recommended student behavior in a laboratory setting

A

reading and following experiment instructions

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7
Q

When is the best time to teach lab safety rules?

A

immediately before the students begin an experiment

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8
Q

Classroom animals must meet safety requirements such as ….

A

not being toxic

causing a danger to students

pet cages should be cleaned regularly with household bleach

Teachers should check for any students having allergies before choosing a classroom pet

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9
Q

Students should be taught to wash hands before and after any activity involving…..

A

plants, animals, or soil.

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10
Q

key principle of the scientific method is

A

the results to be tested and retested by other scientists

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11
Q

mnemonic phrase to help remember the prefixes, their factors of ten, and their abbreviations….

A

King - Kilo, 1000, km, kL, kg

Henry- Hecto, 100, hm, hL, hg

Died- Deca, 10, dam, daL, dag

by-[base units} 1, m, L, g

Drinking - Deci, 0.1, dm, dL, dg

Chocolate -Centi, 0.01, cm, cL, cg

Milk- Milli, 0.001, mm, mL, mg

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12
Q

a pair of equal fractions

A

proportion

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13
Q

Work areas should be kept clean before and after an experiment in completed

Equipment must be returned to its proper place

Follow directions exactly. If in doubt ask teacher for help

No running pushing or horseplay in the lab

Immediately notify your teacher if you get cut or have another injury when performing an experiment

Wash hands before and after each experiment

A

Injury prevention for students

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14
Q

Basic science tools that all scientist should know about …

A

Graduated cylinder- long container for measuring volume

Balance or scale - used for measuring weight and determining mass

Pipette- used to transfer a certain volume of liquid

Microscope- used to view all objects

Bunsen burner- creates a flame that is used for heating and sterilization

Test tube- containers that hold liquid in which chemicals can be mixed

Hot plates- used to heat objects

Beakers and Flasks- used to contain liquids

computers

dissecting tools

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15
Q

The ability to produce the same value or result

also can be thought of as the number of digits used to record a measurement

A

Precision

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16
Q

A measure of how close a measured value is to the true value

A

Accuracy

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17
Q

To distinguish between precision and accuracy

Imagine a target in which the bulls eye is our true value. If you shoot a few arrows and the land relatively close to the bulls eye but far apart from each other then this is an illustration of accuracy.

If your arrows land far from the bulls eye but all in a bunch where they are al close to one another, then this is an illustration of precision

A good scientific measure is both precise and accurate

A

Bulls eye analogy

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18
Q

The difference between computed estimated or measured value and the true value that is caused by random and inherently unpredictable fluctuations in the measurement instruments

A

Error

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19
Q

a prejudice usually of the investigator that can inhibit impartial judgement and can cause certain results to be more likely to happen than should be the case

can invalidate an experiment

A

bias

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20
Q

A way of representing information pictorially

A

Chart

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21
Q

Organizes numbers and info into columns and rows

A

Table

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22
Q

a type of chart which has an x and y axis used to represent the relationship between variables

A

Graph

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23
Q

Pictorial representation such as a drawing

A

Diagram

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24
Q

Ways that scientist communicate

A 
Chart 
Table 
Graph 
Diagram 
written and oral reports
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25
Q

can be replaced as quickly as they can be used

ex: wind energy solar energy hydroelectric power

A

renewable resources

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26
Q

energy such as water wind and solar energy from the sun

commodities such as drinking water crops and wood

A

green energy

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27
Q

resources which will be depleted faster than they can be replenished

are gone once and used (or replenish too slowly to recharge )

ex: natural gas, petroleum

A

non renewable resources

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28
Q

a natural non renewable fuel source. derived from underground fossilized remains of living organisms

ex: coal oil and natural gas

minerals such as gold iron ore and titanium

A

fossil fuel

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29
Q

renewable resources ____ and nonrenewable ___

A

come back

do not

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30
Q

assess the relative danger of each chemical used in the classroom

label and store chemicals appropriately

implement saftey procedures for the use and handling of of materials and equipment

follow appropriate procedures for cleaning containers and disposing of chemicals

A

maintaining safety in the lab for chemicals

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31
Q

rules for keeping a live animal

A

feeding and handling is clearly understood

care for the animal in a humane manner \

animals found in nature should. not be kept as they pose a risk of disease and of attack such as biting

a plan for care must be made in advanced to holidays and vacations

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32
Q

the metric system of measurement used by most scientist is the _____ also known as the ____ or ____ because it is used in most countries to maintain consistency in measurements

ex: meters kilometers grams kilograms militers liters cubic centimeters

A

international systems of units

standard units

SI units

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33
Q

all living things are made up of cells and all cells have arisen from other existing cells

robert hooke (1635-1703) and henri dutrochet (1776-1847)

A

cell theory

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34
Q

continents on earth today were long ago formed together in a single landmass

Alfred Wegener (1880-1930)

A

Plate tectonics

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35
Q

1- an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. an object in motion continues in motion with the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. this is known as the law of inertia

2- acceleration is produced when force acts on a mass. The greater the mass the greater amount of force needed (to accelerate the object )

3- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Isaac newton (1643-1727)

A

newtons laws of motion

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36
Q

every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force directed along the line of centers for two objects that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the separation between the two objects

sir issac newton (1643- 1727)

A

universal gravity

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37
Q

the invention and development of systematic techniques and or tools for making and doing things

A

technology

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38
Q

______ is promoted through students engaging in hands on activities and experimentation

A

scientific inquiry

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39
Q

using the senses to obtain information from the environment

A

observing

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40
Q

talking drawing, electronic information, sharing and acting

A

communication

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41
Q

pairing judging similarities and differences and seeking one to one correspondence

A

comparing

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42
Q

grouping seriating and sequencing

A

organizing

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43
Q

determining cause and effect connecting concepts and grouping information

A

relating

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44
Q

using super ordinate subordinate classification using data to make assumptions employing if then reasoning and developing scientific laws

A

inferring

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45
Q

using knowledge to develop strategic plans invent new concepts and processes

A

applying

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46
Q 
observing 
communication 
comparing. 
organizing 
relating 
inferring 
applying

are all apart of

A

science thinking skills

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47
Q

exploration- phase in which students assimilate infousing their senses

concept invention- phase in which students share their observations and findings

application - students connect the concept with what they observe in everyday life or what they already know

model developed by robert karplus

1- science must be taught in a way that is consistent with the nature science. science must be taught as an active process - as something we do

2- science teaching must be focused on the ability to think, promotes the students use of independent critical and higher level thinking abilities

3- science must be taught in a way that matches how students learn (mental functioning by piaget) Assimilation, accomodation, organization

A

three phase learning cycle (OG before the 5E model)

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48
Q

Engage

explore

explain - students present and share data with their classmates in teacher guided discussion of findings

elaborate- students use the new concept they have learned as it is applied in new contexts

evaluate

A

5E model

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49
Q

an overall increase in average global temperatures due to the green house effect (the increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the earths atmosphere trapping more heat )

A

global warming/ climate change

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50
Q

the process by which scientists analyze potential risks and benefits before conducting scientific investigations and experiments

A

risk assessment

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51
Q

in teaching science these kinds of questions are most effective.

these questions are framed in a way that asks students to reveal their thinking and explain their rationale for conclusions they may draw
from their experience

ex: what do you think ? why do you think that may be true?

A

probing questions

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52
Q

level 1 knowledge - recall factual info on command
ex: LIST LABEL WRITE

level 2 comprehension - communicate an idea in a different form
ex: EXPLAIN RESTATE SUBMIT

level 3 application- use what you need to find new solutions or apply in new situations
Ex: RELATE UTILIZE MAKING SURE OF

level 4 analysis - break things and ideas down into component parts and find their unique characteristics
ex: EXAMINE STUDY DEDUCE

level 5 synthesis- use what is known to think creatively and divergently
ex: CREATE BUILD DEVELOP

level 6 evaluation- use what is known to make judgements and ratings
ex: DECIDE MAKE A RULING RANK

A

taxonomy of the cognitive domain levels

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53
Q

all variables of the experiment remain constant except for the variable being tested

A

controlled experimentation

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54
Q

____ experiments increases reliability of the findings

reliability is established when the same or closely similar findings occur each time the experiment is repeated

A

repeated

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55
Q

measuring learning as it is occurring

allows teachers to adjust the intrustuction according to the student learning and potential difficulties in learning

A

authentic assessment

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56
Q 
this assessment includes techniques such as verbal reports 
lab practical exams 
story writing 
developming advert 
contructing conept map 
writing essays
play or skit 
creating drawings or models
A

alternative assessments

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57
Q

the key universal forces included in this section are

A

gravity
electricity
magnetism

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58
Q

magnitism is the force of attraction or repulsion between objects that results from the positive and negative charges of the objects

when poles of different kinds (north/south) are placed in close proximity they attract one another

the strength of the forces depends on the size and proximity of the magnets

the charged area around a magnet is called the magnetic field

earth is a large magnet bc of the north and south pole and the feild of attraction of earth

A

magnetism facts

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59
Q

the action of moving an object by pulling or pushing

can cause an object to move at a constant speed or accelerate

A

force

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60
Q

the product of the force acting in the direction of movement and causing displacement

A

work

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61
Q

the ability to do work

ex: when a tow truck uses force to pull a car and move it to a different location energy is being used and work is being accomplished

A

energy

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62
Q

has few or no moving parts and can change the size and directions of a force

ex: screw hammer wedge incline plane

seesaw is a lever

A

simple machine

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63
Q

two or more simple machines workinh together to facilitate work

ex: wheel barrow can opener and a bicycle

A

complex machine

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64
Q

__ and __ is what keep the sun earth moon and olanets in their orbits and explains the structure and changes of the changes the universe

A

force and motion

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65
Q

anything that takes up space and has mass

A

matter

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66
Q

the amount of matter in a n object or thing

causes the object to have weight

A

mass

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67
Q

the amount of space that matter takes up

A

volume

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68
Q

amount of gravitational force exerted over the object

A

weight

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69
Q

118 kinds of matter called ___ which are organized on the periodic table

A

elements

70
Q

element is composed of sub microscopic components called

A

atoms

71
Q

atoms are made up of particles called electrons neutrons and protons

the mass of the atom is located mostly in the nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons

the electron contains little mass and follows an obit around the nucleus

A

atom facts

72
Q

___ are two or more atoms bonded together in a chemical bond

A

molecule

73
Q

are when you have two more different kinds of atoms in the molecule and you have a given amount of that substance

A

compounds

74
Q

___ represents how matter is relfected or perceived by the human eye

A

color

75
Q

the mass that is contained in an unit of volume of a given substance

measure of how much matter is packed into a certain amount of space

D=M/V

A

density

76
Q

represents the resistance to penetration offered by a given a substance

A

hardness

77
Q

the ability of substance to transmit thermal or electric current

A

conductivity

78
Q

allows the transfer of electric current or heat from one point to another

ex: metals

A

conductive matter

79
Q

solid :
have mass occupy a define amount of space or volume or have definite shape

liquid:
have a mass occupy a definite volume do not have definite shape but take shape of container

gas :
has mass a do not have a definite shape or volume but take the shape oftheir container and are the least dense

plasma :
formed in extremely high temperatures when electrons are stripped from neutral atoms (stars)

has no definite shape or voulem and is a substnce that cant be classified as a solid liquid or gas

A

states of matter

80
Q

combos of two or more substances where each substance is distinct from the other

made up of two or more types of molecules and not chemically combines

A

mixtures

81
Q

mixtures may be ____ which means an uneven distribution of the substance in the mixture throughout
Ex: milk

a mixture may be ___ which means the components are evenly distributed throughout

A

heterogenous

homogenous

82
Q

mixtures that are homogenous which means that the components are distributed evenly and there is an even concentration throughout

A

solution

83
Q

a change in a substance that does not change what that substance is made of

ex: melting ice, tearing paper chopping wood mixing sugar and water together

A

physical changes

84
Q

is when the substances that were combines are no longer the same molecules they have changed to new substances

ex: burning wood mixing baking soda and vinegar rusting nail

A

chemical change

85
Q

when heat is given off in a chemical change it is a __ reaction
ex: firewood burning

A

exothermic

86
Q

when heat is absorbed in a chemical change (the combination becomes colder) it is an ____reaction
ex: cold pack baking soda and vinegar

A

endothermic

87
Q 
heat 
light 
solar radiation 
chemical 
electrical
magnetic 
sound 
mechanical 
are all ...
A

different forms of energy

88
Q

an object possessing energy because if its ability to to move has ___ energy
ex: moving vehicle

A

kinetic

89
Q

the energy that an object has as the result of its position or condition is called___ energy
ex: vehicle parked in a garage

A

potential

90
Q

the energy neccessary to transfer or convert potential energy into kinetic energy is called ___ energy

A

activation

91
Q

heat is a form of …

A

energy

92
Q

when plants capture radiant energy from the sun

transform that energy into ___ and form glucose

A

photosynthesis

chemical energy

93
Q

__ is a required element for all warm blooded animals like humans

cold blooded animals use __ to warm their bodies

A

heat

solar energy

94
Q

conduction
radiation
convection

A

three ways heat is transfered

95
Q

the process of transferring heat or electricity through a substance

occurs when heat makes the molecule move quickly

ex: metal spoon

A

conduction

96
Q

the energy that travels at high speed in empty space in the form of light or through the decay of radioactive elements

A

radiation

97
Q

describes the flow of heat through the movement of liquid or gaseous matter from a hot region to a cool region

warm air rises and cool air sinks and warm liquid rises and cold liquid sinks

occurs when the heating of a substance changes the density of the substance

A

convection

98
Q

all metal parts are touching and the electrical charge is able to continue to be transfered through the circuit

A

closed circuit

99
Q

when there is a break someplace in the flow of electricity through the circuit

A

open circuit

100
Q

the _____ surrounding earth protects it from radiation that may bombard our planet from space such as solar winds

A

gravitational field

101
Q 
ROYGBIV 
red 
orange 
yellow
green 
blue 
indigo 
voilet
A

colors of white light

102
Q

when light waves bounce back

A

reflection

103
Q

light traveling in a straight line hits an object or substance and is bent

A

refraction

104
Q

___ waves are more parralel to the direction the waves moves

___ waves move perpendicular to the direction of the wave

A

longitudinal

105
Q

_____ properties of matter are the characteristics that can only be seen or measured without changing the material

A

physical

106
Q

___properties of matter are characteristics that can only be seen when the material changes and new materials are formed
ex: wood burns into ashes

A

chemical

107
Q

water boils at ___ farenheit or ___ degrees celsuis and it freezes at __ degrees farenheit or __ degrees celsuis

A

212
100
32
0

108
Q

place and weigh a watch glass or dish

place the dry chemical inside the watch glass or dish

subtract the weight or the glass or dish from the total to obtain the real weight of the chemical

A

when measuring dry chemicals on a balance scale teachers should follow these steps

109
Q

energy and matter may be changed from one form to another but are not ___

A

lost

110
Q

potential energy is ___

kenetic energy is energy in motion or actively being __

A

stored

used

111
Q

sound is caused by ___

A

vibrations

112
Q

animal cells contain __, small round or rod shaped bodies found in the cytoplasm of most cells

its main function is to produce the enzymes for the metabolic conversion of food into energy

this process consumes oxygen and is termed ____

A

mitochondria

aerobic respiration

113
Q

process by which chlororphyll containing organisms convert light enregy into chemical energy

A

photosynthesis

114
Q

have a membrane tht regulates the flow of nutrients and water that enter and exit the cell

contain the genetic material (dna) that allows for reproduction

require a supply of energy

contain basic chemicals to make metabolic decisions for survival

reproduce and are the result of reproduction

A

living organisms are composed of cells that have these characteristics

115
Q

are the simplest and most primitive type of cell

lack a nucleus and instead have one strand of DNA

come in cocci (round) bacilli (rods) spirilla

bacteria are these kinds of cells

A

prokaryotic cells

116
Q

evolved from prokaryotes

contain organelles seperated from other cytoplasm components by a membrane

within the cell are nucleus mitochondria chloroplasts and golgi apperatus

the nucleus contains DNA

mitochondria have their own membrane and contain some DNA info and proteins which generate energy for the cell

golgi apperatus secretes substances needed for the cells survival

A

eukaryotics cells

117
Q

this variable is manipulated

this variable is fixed

A

independent variable

dependent variable

118
Q

alexandar graham bell - invented the telephone

rachel carson- founder of environmental science

george washington carver - botanist who called himself the farmers friend

francis crick and james watson- discovered the structure of DNA molecule

marie curie - physiscist who discovered radioactivtiy

leonardo de vince - inventor and artist from the renaissance

thomas edison- invented the light bulb phonograph and the motion picture

henry ford - model t first mass produced car

albert einstien - developed theory of relativity and E=mc^2

galileo - first to use telescope to view planets and stars

issaac newton- discovered the theory of gravity and the laws of motion

louis pasteur- germ theory vaccines pasteurization

A

scientist and inventors

119
Q

these are organisms whose DNA has been altered (mixing the dna of two or more organisms together)

A

GMO genetically modified organisms

120
Q

a group of objects or entities creating a whole in which each element interacts with or is related to another object

A

system

121
Q

capable of exchanging matter energy info with its surounding environment

A

open system

122
Q

not capable of exchanging matter energy or information with the outside environment and is self contained

A

closed system

123
Q

include things such as the ecosystem solar system the water cycle and living organisms

A

natural systems

124
Q

these systems are based solely on matter and energy

A

physical or thermodynamic system

125
Q

this system can be either part of or a whole living organism

A

living system

126
Q

the water cycle is a phenomenon where water moves through the three phases (gas, liquid and solid) over the four spheres (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere) and completes a full cycle.

it regulates the temperature of the surroundings, it changes weather and creates rain, it helps the conversion of rocks to soil
it circulates important minerals through the spheres , it creates many geo features

A

water cycle

127
Q

evaporation - where the water at the surface turns into water vapors. water absorbs heat energy from the sun and turns into water vapors. water bodies like the ocean are the main source of this step

condensation - as water vaporizs into water vaopr it rises up into the atmosphere. at high altitudes the water vapors changes into very tiny particles of ice/water droplets of low temp. these particles come together and from clouds

sublimation - ice directly converts into water vapors without converting into liquid water . accelerates when the temp is low or pressure is high. the main source of water from this step are ice sheets of the north and south pole and ice on mountains

precipitation - the clouds then pour down as precipitation due to wind or temp change. this occurs bc the water droplets combine make bigger droplets (drizzle hail snow sleet)

transpiration - as water precipitates some of it is absorbed by the soil. liquid water is turned into water vapor by the plants. the roots of the planst absorb the water and push it towards leaves where it is used for photosynthesis

runoff- as the water pours down it leads to this step . water runs over the surface of the earth. when snow melts into water it also leads to runoff. as water runs over the ground it displaces the top soil an dt moves the minerals along with teh stream.

infiltration - some of the water that precipitates does not runoff into the rivers and is absorbed by the plants or gets evaporated it moves deep into the soil

A

steps of the water cycle

128
Q

four chemical basis double helix structure

adenin
guanine
thymine

is the hereditary material of living organisms

contain genes

A

DNA Basics

129
Q

one parent

cells divided mitosis

little chance of genetic variation

no formation of gametes

found in lower organisms (bacteria)

A

Asexual reproduction

130
Q

two parents

cells divided by meosis

genetic variation

formation of gametes (haploid)

found in mammals

A

sexual reproduction

131
Q

forms of reproduction

involves planta fungi and animals

produce offsrping

A

asexual and sexual reproduction in common

132
Q

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune pluto

A

order of the planets

133
Q

when earth is tilted towards the sun more sunlight for summer

when tilted away from sun is winter

when tilted at angle from the sun its spring and fall

A

tilt and sun interaction

134
Q

igneous
- formed by magma or lava rocks are heavier and darker

sedimentary

  • formed by minerals of orgnic matter
  • lightweight
  • nuetral colors (sand )

commonalities
- covers 80% of earths crust

A

rock cycle

igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

135
Q

a representation or description of something specifically one that can used to make predictions that can be tested by experiment and observation

A

model

136
Q

a representation or description of something specifically one that can used to make predictions that can be tested by experiment and observation

used by scientists

A

model

137
Q

cluster of stars that make an outline or pattern

A

constellations

138
Q

essential to living organisms bc it is a main component in the amino acids that make up proteins

no nitrogen = no protien

A

nitrogen cycle

139
Q

As the earth’s plates move, they push against each other, slowly pushing up the rocks in fold to form mountain.

A

how mountain ranges are formed

140
Q

___ are formed by plate tectonics

___ are formed by erosion

A

valleys

canyons

141
Q

Chemical energy is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction to transform other chemical substances.

Examples include batteries, food, gasoline, and more.

Breaking or making of chemical bonds involves energy, which may be either absorbed or evolved from a chemical system.

A

chemical energy

142
Q

mercury venus earth mars

jupiter saturn uranus neptune

pluto ceres eris haumea makemake

A

inner planets

outer planets

dwarf planets

143
Q

the ___ of the earth causes the seasons and not the distance it is in its orbit away from the sun

A

tilt

144
Q

_____ as well as _____ impact the landscape and processess on earth

A

human activities

natural procesess

145
Q

____ is the interaction of many factors including air temperature air pressure and humidity. ___ is the conditions in the atmosphere at a given location and time

A

weather

146
Q

the ____ consisist of the sun inner planets outer planets dwarf planets satallites asteriods comets and meteoriods

the sun is the center of the ___

A

solar system

147
Q

the moon is not visible to earth because the side of the moon facing earth is not being lit by the sun

at this stage between the half moon and the new the new moon the shape of the moon i often compared to banana

during this stage half of the moon is visible

in this stage about three quarters of the moon is visible

the whole moon is visible

A

new moon

cresent moon

half moon/ first quarter

gibbous moon

full moon

148
Q

zones immediately north and south of the equator are called the tropics of cancer(north) capricorn(south)

arctic circle ( north pole) and the antarctic circle ( south pole )

A

climate zones

149
Q

the conditions of the atmosphere at a given relatively short period of time

the weather conditions in an area on a continueos seasonal basis

wind is measured by

air pressure is measured by

relative humidity is measured by

A

weather

climate

anemeter

barometer

psychrometer

150
Q

is the capture of carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the plants to male glucose. when this glucose is used as food for the plant or other organisms it is digested then by respiration broken apart again into carbon dioxide and returned to the atmosphere

A

carbon cycle

151
Q

clastic- rocks that are made when pieces of rock mineral and organic material fuse together

chemical - rocks that are formed when water rich in minerals evaporates leaving minerals behind

organic- rocks that are made from remains of plants and animals

A

sedimentary rock types

152
Q

___ can change the structure and composition of the land and on a larger scale affect the balance of atmosphere gases including carbon dioxide and oxygen levels

A

deforestation

153
Q

___ tends to trap heat energy and result in an overall warming of the atmosphere which has an impact on climate and growth that in tun affects all livings organisms on earth

A

carbon dioxide/ green house effect

154
Q

absorbing energy from the sun to sustain life

recycling water and other chemicals needed for life

maintaining the climate working with electric and magnetic forces

serving as a vacuum that protects life

A

functions of earths atmosphere

155
Q

keeping in earths atmosphere oceans and inhabitants from drifting into space

pulling the rain to the rivers and eventually to the sea

guiding the development and growth of plants

affecting the way that our bones and muscles function

A

functions of gravity

156
Q

the movement of sediment from one location to the other through the use of water wind ice or gravity

A

erosion

157
Q

plates that are coming together

plates that are moving apart

convergent plates moves underneath another plate

A

convergent plates

divergent plates

subduction

158
Q

crust- outer portion of the earth where we live

mantle- the thickest layer of the earth located right below the crust

core- inner part of the earth. composed of a solid inner core and outer core that is mostly liquid. inner core is made of solid iron and nickel

A

layers of the earth

159
Q

continental drift

all the continents were previously one large continent but then broke apart and drifted through the ocean floor to their present locations

A

alfred wegner

160
Q

by observing the development of frogs and butterflies student directly acquire info on the life cycles students can also observe how organisms adapt to their environment

fungi obtain energy carbon and water from dead material. fungi do not have chlorophyll so they cant produce food through photosynthesis

chromosomes contain the genetic code or DNA

mitosis describes the process of a cell splitting to create two identical cells

meoisis is the process of cells dividing to produce the egg and sperm cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell so they are ready to restore the normal number of the species upon fertilization

photosynthesis is the process of capturing storing and converting solar energy. it is also the source of oxygen in the atmosphere

insects have three main parts: head thorax and abdomen

humans have several body systems including the musculoskeletal nervous circulatory immune respiratory and digestive/excretory system

adaptations are features or characteristics or an organism that best help it survive in its environement

A

key principles of the life science competencies

161
Q

the survival and or well being of one of more organisms in the relationship

when both species benefit from the relationship

when one organism benefits but the other organism is harmed

one organism species benefits and the other is niether harmed not benefited

A

symbiosis

mutualism

paratisism

commensilism

162
Q

the consumption of one living organism plant or animal by another

A

predation

163
Q

are green plants that produce oxygen and store chemical energy for consumers

are animals both herbivores and carnivore. the herbivores take the chemical energy from plants and cornivores take the energy from other animals or directly from plants

like fungi and bacteria are in charge of cleaning up the environmnet by decomposing and freeing dead matter for recycling back into the ecosystem

A

producers

consumers

decomposers

164
Q

caused by nerve impuslses sent from the brain through the spinal cord to nerves connecting skeletal muscles

occurs in direct response to outside stimulus

A

voluntary movement

involuntary movement

165
Q 
cells
tissue 
organs 
systems 
organ systems 
organism
A

order of organism

166
Q

stage 1- egg fertilized by male sperm

stage 2- larva called caterpillar

stage 3- pupa-caterpillar forms a cocoon or chrysalis

stage 4- butterfly

stage- reproduction orgnisms lay eggs death of the adult

A

life cycle of butterfly

167
Q

stage 1- egg fertilized by male sperm

stage 2- embryo

stage 3- tadpole

stage 4-frog

stage 5- reproduction organism lays eggs death of adult

A

life cycle of frog

168
Q

begins with seeds

seeds transported by wind water hitchiking on animals or ingested as food and released as waste

seeds germinate with the help of air right amount of heat and water (no light needed ) but do need light to carry on photosythesis

plants develop root system for support and to extract the water and minerals they need from soil

fertilizers are not food for the plant but provide vitamins and minerals

some plants produce flowers which are pollinated by insects or through the wind

once the sperm leaves the pollen and travels to the ovules or eggs inside the ovary of the pistil and fertilizes the ovules . the feertilized ovules become the seeds

the ovary swells to become the fruit and the flower itself dies because it has now served its purpose

the fruits carry and protect the seeds until they are disperesed to a place where they can sprout and the cycle continues

A

life cycle of plants

169
Q

consists of unicellular organisms. it is the only group of living organisms make up of prokaryote cells the cells with a primitaive organization system (algea/bacteria)

type of eukaryote cell. mostly unicellular organisms that live in aquatic habitats in both freshwater and saltwater. they are not animals or plants nut unique organisms. (protozoans and algea)

mutlicellular organisms, eukaryotic cells, no chloropphyll cant produce food through photosynthisis. obtain energy carbn and water by digesting dead materials

A

monera

protista

fungi

170
Q

founder of periodic table

A

demetri medelev

171
Q

A new or change behavior resulting from experience.

For example you are not born knowing not to touch a hot iron. We must be taught by someone or learn through experience.

A

learned behavior

TExES Core Subjects EC-6 (5 decks)

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