Fine Arts ( art/music/theatre) Flashcards
are a basic component or essential part of a work of art. Artists may use one or several elements at one time in a work of art. They include: line, shape, form, space, texture, value, and color.
Elements of Art
A moving point on the surface of a canvas (or other media); it has width as well as length.
Line
To direct our eyes around and through a composition
To express moods or feelings
Functions of lines
Shapes are a 2-dimensional area defined by a boundary
Shape
circle, square, rectangle, triangle. They are mathematical in proportion
Geometric shape
irregular and/or curved and are usually derived from nature
Organic shape
Forms are 3-dimensional shapes, having height, width and depth
Form
3D form that exists in space (e.g.: sculpture)
Real form
the illusion of a 3D form by light and shadow, but actually is represented on a 2D surface (e.g.: image of a sculpture
Implied form
Space is the area between or around shapes and forms.
Space
the unused area between, within and surrounding shapes and forms
Negative space
the shapes and forms themselves
Positive space
Texture is the way things feel or appear to feel. For example, thick oil paintings have a texture to them
Texture
The amount of lightness or darkness a color possesses. White and black are neutral colors. Adding one of them to a color will change the value
Value
Derived from reflected light. The sensation of color is aroused in the brain by the response of the eyes to different wavelengths of light
Color
The name of a color (ex: blue-green)
Hue
containing or using only one color, but may have different values
Monochromatic
shows primary, secondary, tertiary, analogous, and complementary colors.
Color Wheel
red, yellow, blue
Primary Colors
orange, green, purple, occur when two primary colors are mixed
Secondary Colors
Occur when a primary color is mixed with a neighboring secondary color on the color wheel (ie: blue + green = blue-green).
Tertiary Colors
Neighbors on the color wheel that have a common hue (e.g., violet, red-violet, red, red-orange and orange all have red in common)
Analogous colors
Are positioned as opposites on the color wheel
red/green
yellow/purple
blue/orange
Opposite color (or complementary colors)
How the various elements are composed in an artwork; may be used independently or in conjunction with other principles.
Principles of Art
What are the principles of art
emphasis, contrast, pattern, rhythm, balance, proportion, and unity.
Stressing one element or area in a work of art to make it attract the viewer’s attention first
Emphasis
Differences in values, colors, textures, and other elements to achieve emphasis and unity
Contrast
The visual repetition of elements such as line, shape, and color.
Pattern
Repeating an element to make a work seem active or suggest movement or vibration.
Rhythm
Equalizing elements in a work of art to create visual equilibrium
Balance (or Symmetry
a dividing line that works like a visual balancing point
Central Axis
equal or similar elements are placed on opposite sides of a central axis
Formal Balance
Identical on both sides
Bilateral
Nearly identical on both sides
Approximate
Radiates from a central point
Radial
Unlike elements are balanced visually (asymmetrical balance)
Informal
The relative size and scale of elements in a design. The relationship of one part to another and to the whole
Proportion
The arrangement of elements and principles within media to create a feeling of completeness or wholeness. helps us to see the parts of a work of art as a whole.
Unity
Placement Continuation Repetition Simplicity Harmony Variety
How to achieve Unity
can pull shapes together
Proximity
Lines move the eye from one shape to the next
Continuation
Repeated shapes, colors, textures
Repetition
Limiting the number of variations
Simplicity
Agreement among elements of a work of art
Harmony
Use of different colors, shapes, and textures to create interest
Variety
Review and discuss the terminology used for the principles of art: proportion, rhythm, balance, emphasis, contrast, pattern, and unity. Share the analogy likening an artist to a musician composing art using a combination of these principles working together.
Direct Teaching
Display visuals that clearly illustrate each of the design principles in several ways
Modeling/Examples
Direct students to use two or more design principles to create an advertisement or illustration that communicates their message.
Hands-on Practice
Discuss how the principles of design are used by artists to organize and guide their work.
Scaffold/Re-Teach/Clarify (as needed
a category of musical styles that share similar attributes and traditions.
genre
Considered the music “of the people”
offered a way for cultures, especially those without written records, to transmit key values, stories, and customs from one generation to the next.
generally associated with national or regional cultures, so they offer an excellent opportunity to study cultures from around the world.
feature stringed instruments, wind instruments, and percussion.
Folk Songs
highly improvisational genre that blends the features of several other genres, including the blues and folk, to create an all new and distinctly American form of art.
grew out of the African American communities in New Orleans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
feature at a minimum a keyboard, a drummer, and a bass player. Brass instruments and woodwind instruments are also featured prominently
Jazz
African Americans from the rural south developed this in the late nineteenth century, combining elements of traditional African forms with folk music and Christian hymns.
This type of music features simple rhythmic and harmonic structures, and the lyrics often express feelings of dissatisfaction or sadness. The guitar is almost always used
Blues
Expresses Christian themes and varies widely across different denominations and cultures
Popular variants include the gospel blues, bluegrass gospel, and country
typically consist of hymns and spirituals that feature keyboard instruments (piano and/or organ) and harmonized vocals.
Gospel Music
Developed in Appalachia when settlers from the United Kingdom and Ireland began writing songs about their day-to-day life in their new home.
Also called “mountain music,”
typically played on acoustic stringed instruments including the fiddle, the banjo, the guitar, the mandolin, and the string bass.
Bluegrass
The lowest vocal range for men.
Bass
To continuously decrease volume when playing or singing for music dynamics
Diminuendo (dim.)
System for singing notes, uses: do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti
Solfege
these professionals use music to help people improve their health or functional processes through creative means
Music Therapist
Use strings to produce sounds.
ex: violins
Stringed Instruments
Sing a piece of music without having heard it before
Sight Sing
The highest vocal range for men.
Tenor
The middle vocal range for men.
Baritone
Percussion instrument that is used to provide rhythm.
ex: drums (snare, bass), triangles, gongs, castanets, rattles, cowbells, woodblocks, tambourines, maracas, claves, and whistles.
Non-Pitched Instruments
Use keys or buttons to produce different pitches, but depending on how sound is produced, keyboard instruments may also be included among the other families of instruments
Ex; piano
Keyboard Instruments
musical time features patterns of strong beats and weak beats; some syllables receive stronger emphasis than others
Meter (music)
learning songs by ear
Rote Learning
Originating among the Mexican-American populations in Central and Southern Texas, Tejano music (also called Tex-Mex music) is an upbeat genre that blends pop, rock, folk, polka, and Latin influences.
Tejano / Tex-Mex Music
manages the sound recording for a band or an artist
Producer (of Music)
Produce sound when a bow is moved across the strings. Players produce different pitches by changing the position of their fingers on a fingerboard.
ex:violins, violas, cellos, and string basses
Bowed Instruments
Tubular instruments with a series of holes that can be opened and closed to change the pitch.
ex: flute
Woodwind Instruments
Players produce different pitches by changing the position of their fingers on a fretboard. For many-stringed instruments such as the harp or lute, players provide different pitches by plucking different strings that are tuned to produce specific pitches.
Plucked Instruments
The highest vocal range for women
Soprano
To continuously increase volume when playing or singing for music dynamics
Crescendo (cresc.)
set of five lines and four spaces. Each line and space represents a specific musical pitch.
Staff
Music style that was developed by enslaved people of African descent who were brought to America. Combines Christian hymns with the patterns of traditional African folk songs.
Spirituals
notate the pitches that occur above or below the staff.
Ledger Line
Lead orchestras. They not only keep the orchestra in sync, using a baton to set the tempo and provide entry cues for musicians, but they also help interpret a musical work, providing a unifying vision that helps large groups of musicians stay on the same page in terms of tone, dynamics, and mood.
Conductors
Accuracy in pitch when singing or playing an instrument
Intonation (in music)
An instrumental ensemble that combines multiple families of instruments. They sometimes, but not always, accompany choruses or vocalists. Orchestras typically perform classical works, but they also are used to record film scores.
Orchestra
To play or sing moderately loudly for music dynamics
Mezzo-Forte (mf)
To play or sing moderately softly for music dynamics
Mezzo-Piano (mp)
A group of 15 to 45 musicians who play chamber works or works written to be performed in a smaller, more intimate space
Chamber orchestra
How loudly or softly a performer should play or sing a passage.
Dynamics
are soft, gentle songs, often sung by parents to their children.
not only help establish emotional bonds between adults and children, but they also convey important information about human relationships and cultural traditions.
Lullaby
are shaken or hit to produce sound
Percussion Instruments
To play or sing loudly for music dynamics
Forte (f)
The lowest vocal range for women.
Contralto
instruments consist of a series of tubes.
Players produce sound by vibrating their lips into a mouthpiece, which causes the instrument to vibrate and produce sound.
Brass Instruments
Holistic, experience-based approach that emphasizes the pleasure of music and the importance of the human voice.
Named after Zoltán Kodály, a Hungarian music teacher and composer, who believed that singing is the best way to develop a feel for music and that it should precede instrumental instruction.
Uses: do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, and do to represent each tone in the major scale
Kodaly Concept
Appears after the clef and key signature, tells you the meter that a piece of music uses.
consists of two numbers.
The top number tells you how many beats occur in each measure (or bar). The bottom number tells you which note represents one beat.
ex: 4/4 time
Time Signature
Dramatic musical form that includes singing to orchestral accompaniment.
are typically associated with the Italian Renaissance, but their roots are in Greek drama, which combined acting with song and dance
. Typically grand in scale, operas incorporate vocal soloists, choruses, orchestras, elaborate costumes, and scenery to tell a story for audiences.
Opera
songs that include actions or coordinated activities
Game Song
Percussion instrument that can produce differently pitched sounds and can be used to play melodies.
ex; xylophone, glockenspiel, marimba, vibraphone, and timpani
Pitched Instruments
students apply what they’ve learned to creating their own musical patterns or compositions
Improvisation
notes grouped together
Measure (in music)
Ensure that both the performers and the writers are paid for their work. These organizations help artists get paid when their music is on a commercial or tv show, for example.
Publisher
The quality of a tone, generally used to describe differences in sounds played or sung at the same pitch and loudness, but by different instruments and/or voices. Depending on the instrument, terms like bright, dark, warm, and harsh might be used to describe tone quality.
Timbre
emphasis
the process where an artist makes one element of a piece of art capture the viewers attention
conflict
when complimentary colors meet and create a contrast
emphasis
theme- underlying meaning/point of the play
plot- events of dramatization what happens in the play
spectacle - includes appearance of the production including set costumes etc
conventions of theatre: playwright script process-the work that goes into the production of a play product-end result audience
theatre terms
