Science(5) Flashcards
Concerned the study of genes,genetic variation and heridity in organism
Genetic
Genetic information of living organism
DNA(Deoxyribonucleic Acid or The Human body recipe)
The DNA was first identified by
Friedrich Miescher
The DNA was first identified by who
Friedrich Miescher
Double helix structure were first discovered by
James Watson and Francis Crick
Functions of DNA:
Energy Carriers: ATP and GTP
Cellular Respiration: NAD and FAD
Signal Transduction: Cyclic AMP
Vitamins: Nicotamide, Mononucleotide and Vitamin B2)
Ladder is made up of nucleotides:
Phospate Backbone,Five Carbon Sugar, and Nitrogenous Base
Like the sides of a ladder.Without it, no DNA strand will be formed
Phosphate Backbone
Phospate Backbone reffered to as
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Is a deoxygenated five-carbon sugar.Main purpose is to link the nucleic acids to the phosphate backbone
Deoxyribose
What are the 2 nitrogenous BASES
Purines and Pyrimidines
Purine has
Double Ring Structures
Pyrimidines has
Single Ring Structure
Is one of the three essential macromolecules that is needed by living things
Ribonucleic Acid
Made up of five carbon sugar called
Ribose
3 kinds of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Formed in the nucleoplasm with the use of DNA template
Messenger RNA
Describe as clover-shaped with three exposed bases called anticodons and an amino acid
Transfer RNA
Provides mechanism for decoding mRNA into amino-acids
Ribosomal Acid
Most structurally varied molecule in which the human body containts atleas 10,000 different kinds of proteins
Proteins
Building block of proteins
Amino-acid
Atleast has blank different kinds of proteins
10,000
Protein Sythesis:
-Replication
-Transcription
-Translation
Instruction in DNA are converted into a functional product
The Central Dogma
Factories in the cell where the information is “Translated” from a code into the functional product
Ribosome
Cinverted into the functional product
Gene Expression
Components of GENE EXPRESSION
Transcription and Translation
Is the process by which makes a copy of itself during celll division
DNA Replication
Enzymes called ____ separate DNA strand breaking the H bonds at the replication fork
Helicases
70S Ribosome Three Sites:
Peptidyle or P sites-The activator tRNA
Acceptor or A sites-Deactivated tRNAs
Exit or E site-tRNA eventually exits
Biological phenomenon is DNA replication.DNA makes coppies as your cells and divide multitude times
Genetic Mutation
Change genetic material of the cells
Mutation
Inherited from a parent and is present throughout a person’s life
Heriditary Mutation
Defected DNA sequence is called
Mutant/Mutant DNA
Hereditary Mutation is also called
Germline Mutation
If the mutated gene is ____ in either of the parent,the offspring will inherit the diseases by taking atleast one of the gene
DOMINANT
Both genes are needed before the disease is “Activated” and is inherited
RECESSIVE
Also called “Acquired Mutation”.Occurs at the point in person’s lifetime and only in specific cells
Somatic Mutation (Ex. Heterochromia)
-Any changes in the structure of chromosomes caused by chances in the DNA sequence MUTANT DNA
Chromosomal Mutation
When a portion of the chromosomes is deleted or removed
Deletion
When a portion of the chromosome is duplicated
Duplication
Chromosome is transfered to another chromosomes
Translocation
Chromosome are switched or inverted
Inversion
Both lose and gain genetic material
Insertion
Offspring or child recieves two defective genes from a parents who are not manefisting the detect(carriers)
Genetic Disorder
Receives only one recessive defective gene.
Carriers
Caused by damage in a single nucleotide in the gene hemoglobin
Sickle Cell Anemia
Rare genetic disorder passed from parents to child
Tay Sachs Disease
Cannot break down phenylalanine that build up in the body and affects the brain
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Some gland produce much mucus that it clogs and damage
Cystic Fibrosis
States that gass molecules are always in constant motion and tend to collide without loss of over all kinetic energy
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Gasses that fit the description of the kinetic molecular theory are referred as
Ideal Gases
-Particles have volume
-Energy lost in collisions
-Intermolecular forces
Real Gases
-Particles have no volume
-Collisions are elastic
-No interactions between particles
Ideal Gaps
Is a force exerted by the substance per unit area on another substance
Pressure n
Is the space occupied by matter
Volume
An important property of gas
Temperature
Pressure of a gas with constant mass is inversely proportional to its volume
Boyle’s Law
