SCIENCE Flashcards
1
Q
A vent, hill, or mountain that erupts, releasing molten rocks, rock fragments, and gaseous materials onto Earth’s surface.
A
VOLCANOES
2
Q
Volcanoes are mostly found in the?
A
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE/CIRCUM-PACIFIC BELT
3
Q
Where does the name “Volcano” come from?
A
ITALIAN WORD VULCANO - “BURNING MOUNTAIN”
LATIN WORD VULCAN - “THE ROMAN GOD OF FIRE”
4
Q
Cooled Magma
A
LAVA
5
Q
Rock Fragments
A
TEPHRA
6
Q
Monitors Volcanoes in the Philippines.
A
PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institution of Volcanology and Seismology)
7
Q
The side of a volcano
A
FLANK
8
Q
Molten rock that erupts from a volcano and solidifies as it cools.
A
LAVA
9
Q
Mouth of a volcano, surrounds a volcanic vent, a funnel shaped depression at the top of a volcano formed as a result of an explosive eruption.
A
CRATER
10
Q
The highest part of a volcano.
A
SUMMIT
11
Q
The entrance; part of a conduit that ejects lava and ash.
A
THROAT
12
Q
Fragments of lava and rock smaller than 2mm.
A
ASH
13
Q
ASH CLOUD
A
A cloud of ash.
Self-explanatory LMAO
14
Q
Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.
A
MAGMA
15
Q
Underground passage magma travels through. It connects the magma chamber to the throat.
A
CONDUIT
16
Q
Flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens.
A
SILL
17
Q
Bodies of magma that cut through and across the layering of adjacent rocks. Formed when magma goes through fractures and solidifies.
A
DIKE
18
Q
Small cone shaped volcano formed by the accumulations of volcanic debris.
A
PARASITIC CONE
19
Q
The actual opening where the lava and ash come from.
A
VENT
20
Q
Formation of a Volcano
A
- Magma beneath the Earth’s surface causes pressure. The pressure causes cracks in the rocks.
- The magma reaches the surface.
- The magma ejects lava flow and ash deposits.
- Over time, it will cool down and solidify.
- It will continue to eject lava until it gets bigger and bigger.
21
Q
Also known as scoria cones. Simplest type. Built from pyroclastic fragments and volcanic ashes that form and solidify around the main vent to form a cone, which can be either circular or oval. Usually small.
A
CINDERCONE
22
Q
Also known as stratovolcanoes. Formed when viscous andestic lava flows out of a vent for a very long time. They have acidic and sticky lava which allows the lava to solidify without travelling very far. Cone is symmetrical. Explosive eruptions.
A
COMPOSITE
23
Q
Formed when non-acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity producing broad sloping sides and shield-like structures. They are not very explosive and are among the largest volcanoes in the world. Dome shaped with a wide base.
A
SHIELD
24
Q
These volcanoes have erupted during historical times (i.e, documented by people) within the last 600 years. In addition, they have erupted at least once in the last past 10 000 years and are likely to erupt again. There are 24 of them in the Philippines.
A
ACTIVE
25
These volcanoes are active but not erupting; however they are expected to erupt anytime soon.
DORMANT
26
These volcanoes have not had any eruption in the past 10 000 years and are expected not to erupt anymore in the future. These volcanoes have been intensively weathered and eroded.
DISTINCT/INACTIVE
27
Different kinds of eruptions can be classified as either?
EFFUSIVE OR EXPLOSIVE
28
Involve the outpouring of basaltic magma that is relatively low in viscosity and low in gas content.
EFFUSIVE ERUPTIONS
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Involve magma of high viscosity and high gas content.
EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS
30
Driven by steam due to rapid heating beneath a volcano. Releases steam. They often precede or accompany another type of volcanic eruption.
PHREATIC
31
Occurs when water interacts with magma. It releases steam and pyroclastic fragments into Earth’s surface.
PHREATOMAGMATIC
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Fountains of either basaltic or andesitic lava. This eruption creates eruptive products such as scoria (hardened chunks of bubbly lava) and lava bombs
STROMBOLIAN
33
Steam, viscous lava, volcanic material that very quickly goes down.
PELEAN
34
Tall eruptions that go up to 20km high. Short, explosive and violent. This happens when the pressure is enough to blow off the overlaying layer of solidified lava over the entrapped gases in magma.
VULCANIAN
35
Most destructive and violent eruptions. Volcanic materials go more than 20km high and form an eruption column.
PILINIAN
36
Comes from the Greek word geo which means “Earth,” and thermal, which means “heat.”
Comes from heat contained in fluids in rocks beneath the Earth.
May be derived from steam or hot liquid water.
Obtained by drilling wells.
The Philippines is the 3rd largest producer of this globally.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
37
Steam from natural resources such as geysers or high pressure depths are used to drive electrical turbines.
CONVENTIONAL GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
38
The scientists and researchers are using the heat from supercritical water.
VOLCANIC GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
39
Is believed to have greater energy than conventional steam.
SUPERCRITICAL WATER
40
Where the heat of the Earth changes water into steam, then the steam turns a turbine.
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS
41
How do Geothermal Power Plants work?
Hot water is pumped from underground. (Thermal energy)
The steam from the hot waters turns a turbine. (Mechanical energy)
The turbine turns the generator. (Mechanical energy)
Electricity then goes to a grid. (Electrical energy)
42
Removes heat from the fluid in the Earth’s connection, concentrates it, then transfers it into a building.
GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS
43
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: VOLCANO
Advantages
Tourism
Lava and ash deposits act as fertilizer
Generating geothermal Energy
Habitats
Can create new islands
Cools down the Earth
Precious gems and building materials
Disadvantages
Harmful gases
Pyroclastic flow
Lahar
Landslides
Tephra
44
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Advantages
Renewable
Sustainable
More environmentally friendly
Efficient
No fuel required
Disadvantages
May trigger earthquakes (due to digging)
Environment concerns (gas from underground may enter atmosphere)
Location-restricted (power plants must be built where geothermal energy is accessible)
May affect stability of land
Costly
45
FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE
It refers to the behavior of the atmosphere over relatively long periods of time.
CLIMATE
46
FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE
The distance (in degrees) to the North and South from the equator
LATITUDE
47
FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE
Wind direction a particular area or region experiences most frequently
PREVAILING WINDS
48
FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE
The height above sea level
ALTITUDE
49
FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE
Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than inland areas
DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
50
TYPES OF CLIMATE
- Found in places near the equator
- Dry and wet seasons
TROPICAL
51
TYPES OF CLIMATE
- Involve very hot summers with seldom rains
- Arid or semiarid places
DRY
52
TYPES OF CLIMATE
- Moderate rainfall across the year, warm summers and cool winters
- Common to places found in latitudes
TEMPERATE
53
TYPES OF CLIMATE
- Include variation of temperature year-round; hot summers, cold winters, and a small amount of rainfall
CONTINENTAL
54
TYPES OF CLIMATE
- Cool summers and very long cold winters
- Permafrost
POLAR
55
It is the natural healing process of the Earth.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
56
It is the gradual increase in the Earth's temperature.
GLOBAL WARMING
57
It is a change in the usual weather found in a place.
CLIMAGE CHANGE
58
It refers to the climactic conditions in localized areas near the Earth's surface. It is defined by temperature, moisture, winds, vegetation, soil, elevation, latitude, and season.
MICROCLIMATE
59
MICROCLIMATES IN THE PH
There are two pronounced seasons: dry from the months of November to April, and wet the rest of the year.
TYPE I
60
MICROCLIMATES IN THE PH
There is no dry season with very pronounced rainfall from November to April and wet the rest of the year.
TYPE II
61
MICROCLIMATES IN THE PH
Seasons are not very pronounced: relatively dry from November to April and then wet for the rest of the year.
TYPE III
62
MICROCLIMATES IN THE PH
Rainfall is more likely to be evenly distributed throughout the year.
TYPE IV
63
It refers to a seasonal shift in the direction of the prevailing winds of a region.
MONSOONS
64
It is a significant climate phenomena because of its ability to alter or change the atmospheric circulation of the world, affecting temperature and precipitation.
ENSO
65
Rapid rotating storm over tropical oceans.
TROPICAL CYCLONES
66
Is a massive, luminous sphere of plasma held together by its own gravity.
STAR
67
What color is the hottest star?
BLUE
68
The color of the star indicates its SURFACE TEMPERATURE.
TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
69
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
The TEMPERATURE of the star as observed from the earth, relies upon 2 variables. APPARENT and ABSOLUTE.
FALSE. BRIGHTNESS
The BRIGHTNESS of the star as observed from the earth, relies upon 2 variables: APPARENT (distance) and the ABSOLUTE (ACTUAL) brightness of the star.
70
The [blank] a star is, the hotter its surface.
MASSIVE
71
THE LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
A star begins as a NEBULA, then it reaches the MAIN-SEQUENCE STAR phase, then it either becomes a star of greater mass, which is called a SUPERGIANT, or it becomes a star of less mass, which is called a RED GIANT.
If it becomes a SUPERGIANT, the next stage is the explosion of the supergiant, which then turns the star into a SUPERNOVA. If the core collapses and becomes very dense, it becomes a NEUTRON STAR. If the core collapses completely and vanishes, it becomes a BLACK HOLE.
If it becomes a RED GIANT, the outer layers of gas puff off, becoming a PLANETARY NEBULA, which exposes the hot core as WHITE DWARF, then the WHITE DWARF COOLING stage occurs, where the star cools and reddens, and finally, the star becomes a BLACK DWARF and stops glowing.
72
In this stage, the star begins to shrink, warm up, and become a PROTOSTAR
NEBULA
73
In this stage, the star shines as nuclear reactions inside produce light and heat.
MAIN-SEQUENCE STAR
74
In this stage, the star of greater mass expands, cools, and turns red.
SUPERGIANT
75
In this stage, the supergiant explodes, which blasts away the outer layers.
SUPERNOVA
76
In this stage, the supergiant's core collapses completely and vanishes
BLACK HOLE
77
In this stage, the supergiant's core collapses and becomes very dense.
NEUTRON STAR
78
In this stage, the star of less mass expands and glows red as it cools.
RED GIANT
79
In this stage, the outer layers of gas puff off and the hot core will be exposed as white dwarf.
PLANETARY NEBULA
80
The hot core of the planetary nebula is exposed.
WHITE DWARF
81
The star cools and reddens.
WHITE DWARF COOLING
82
The star stops glowing.
BLACK DWARF
83
A group of stars.
CONSTELLATION
84
Other name for Orion
THE HUNTER
85
A zodiac sign often represented as a bull.
TAURUS
86
Why do stars seem to travel across the sky at night differently?
THE EARTH ROTATES ON ITS AXIS.
THE EARTH REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN.
87
What constellations are visible ALL YEAR LONG?
CASSIOPEIA
CEPHEUS
DRACO
URSA MAJOR
URSA MINOR
88
What constellations are visible IN THE WINTER?
CANIS MAJOR
CETUS
ERIDANUS
GEMINI
ORION
PERSEUS
TAURUS
89
What constellations are visible IN THE SPRING?
BOOTES
CANCER
CRATER
HYDRA
LEO
VIRGO
90
What constellations are visible IN THE SUMMER?
AQUILA
CYGNUS
HERCULES
LYRA
OPHIUCHUS
SAGITTARIUS
SCORPIO
91
What constellations are visible IN THE FALL?
ANDROMEDA
AQUARIUS
CAPRICORN
PEGASUS
PISCES
92
What are the zodiac constellations?
ARIES
TAURUS
GEMINI
CANCER
LEO
VIRGO
LIBRA
SCORPIO
SAGITTARIUS
AQUARIUS
PISCES
93
It can be expressed in terms of luminosity and magnitude.
It depends on the composition and distance.
BRIGHTNESS
94
Distance of the star from our perspective on Earth.
APPARENT
95
Actual brightness of the star.
ABSOLUTE
96
The brightest are the blue stars.
The least bright are the red stars.
TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
97
The temperature of a star helps determine its color.
TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
98
It is usually the basis for other stars.
RADIUS OF THE SUN
99
Larger star = LESS luminous
Smaller star = MORE luminous
TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE
100
There are 88 constellations covering the entire northern and southern skies.
TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
101
A group of stars that is not a constellation but can be a part of a constellation.
ASTERISM
102
THE LIFE CYCLE OF LARGE STARS
Nebula -> Main Sequence Star -> Supergiant -> Supernova -> Neutron Star (core collapses and becomes very dense)
Nebula -> Main Sequence Star -> Supergiant -> Supernova -> Black hole (core collapses completely and vanishes)
103
THE LIFE CYCLE OF SMALL STARS
Nebula -> Main Sequence Star -> Red Giant -> Planetary Nebula -> White Dwarf -> White Dwarf Cooling -> Black Dwarf
104
It is the organization that promotes and safeguard the science of astronomy.
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION (IAU)
105
English name of?
CAPRICORN
GOAT
106
English name of?
AQUARIUS
WATER BEARER
107
English name of?
PISCES
FISH
108
English name of?
ARIES
RAM
109
English name of?
TAURUS
BULL
110
English name of?
GEMINI
TWINS
111
English name of?
CANCER
CRAB
112
English name of?
LEO
LION
113
English name of?
VIRGO
MAIDEN/VIRGIN
114
English name of?
LIBRA
SCALES
115
English name of?
SCORPIO
SCORPION
116
English name of?
SAGITTARIUS
CENTAUR/ARCHER
117
Climate inside a building or an airplane; climate in a very specific place
CRYPTOCLIMATE
118
[blank] is used to describe the mass of the star.
[blank] is usually measured in terms of the sun’s mass.
MASS/STELLAR MASS
STELLAR MASS
119
The distance (in degrees) from the North and South to the Equator
LATITUDE
120
Occurs in PH from late October to March
Brings cool dry air from a high pressure over Siberia.
AMIHAN (Northwest Monsoon)
121
Affects the western part of PH from July to September
Brings hot and humid weather with heavy rainfall
HABAGAT (Southwest Moonsoon)
122
Little boy
Warming of fhe coastal waters
EL NIÑO
123
Little girl
Cold phase of ENSO
LA NIÑA
124
Classifications of Tropical Cyclones
TROPICAL DEPRESSION
TROPICAL STORM
SEVERE TROPICAL STORM
TYPHOON
SUPER TYPHOON
125
Is a type of Tropical Cyclone that occurs in tropical or subtropical waters
HURRICANE
126
Mature tropical cyclones that are usually from the northwest pacific
TYPHOONS
127
To help warn locals the possible impact or damage a typhoon or tropical cyclones
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SYSTEM
