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Grade 9 3rd Periodic Test > SCIENCE > Flashcards

SCIENCE Flashcards

1
Q

A vent, hill, or mountain that erupts, releasing molten rocks, rock fragments, and gaseous materials onto Earth’s surface.

A

VOLCANOES

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2
Q

Volcanoes are mostly found in the?

A

PACIFIC RING OF FIRE/CIRCUM-PACIFIC BELT

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3
Q

Where does the name “Volcano” come from?

A

ITALIAN WORD VULCANO - “BURNING MOUNTAIN”
LATIN WORD VULCAN - “THE ROMAN GOD OF FIRE”

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4
Q

Cooled Magma

A

LAVA

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5
Q

Rock Fragments

A

TEPHRA

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6
Q

Monitors Volcanoes in the Philippines.

A

PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institution of Volcanology and Seismology)

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7
Q

The side of a volcano

A

FLANK

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8
Q

Molten rock that erupts from a volcano and solidifies as it cools.

A

LAVA

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9
Q

Mouth of a volcano, surrounds a volcanic vent, a funnel shaped depression at the top of a volcano formed as a result of an explosive eruption.

A

CRATER

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10
Q

The highest part of a volcano.

A

SUMMIT

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11
Q

The entrance; part of a conduit that ejects lava and ash.

A

THROAT

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12
Q

Fragments of lava and rock smaller than 2mm.

A

ASH

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13
Q

ASH CLOUD

A

A cloud of ash.
Self-explanatory LMAO

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14
Q

Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.

A

MAGMA

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15
Q

Underground passage magma travels through. It connects the magma chamber to the throat.

A

CONDUIT

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16
Q

Flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens.

A

SILL

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17
Q

Bodies of magma that cut through and across the layering of adjacent rocks. Formed when magma goes through fractures and solidifies.

A

DIKE

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18
Q

Small cone shaped volcano formed by the accumulations of volcanic debris.

A

PARASITIC CONE

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19
Q

The actual opening where the lava and ash come from.

A

VENT

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20
Q

Formation of a Volcano

A
  1. Magma beneath the Earth’s surface causes pressure. The pressure causes cracks in the rocks.
  2. The magma reaches the surface.
  3. The magma ejects lava flow and ash deposits.
  4. Over time, it will cool down and solidify.
  5. It will continue to eject lava until it gets bigger and bigger.
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21
Q

Also known as scoria cones. Simplest type. Built from pyroclastic fragments and volcanic ashes that form and solidify around the main vent to form a cone, which can be either circular or oval. Usually small.

A

CINDERCONE

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22
Q

Also known as stratovolcanoes. Formed when viscous andestic lava flows out of a vent for a very long time. They have acidic and sticky lava which allows the lava to solidify without travelling very far. Cone is symmetrical. Explosive eruptions.

A

COMPOSITE

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23
Q

Formed when non-acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity producing broad sloping sides and shield-like structures. They are not very explosive and are among the largest volcanoes in the world. Dome shaped with a wide base.

A

SHIELD

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24
Q

These volcanoes have erupted during historical times (i.e, documented by people) within the last 600 years. In addition, they have erupted at least once in the last past 10 000 years and are likely to erupt again. There are 24 of them in the Philippines.

A

ACTIVE

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25
Q

These volcanoes are active but not erupting; however they are expected to erupt anytime soon.

A

DORMANT

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26
Q

These volcanoes have not had any eruption in the past 10 000 years and are expected not to erupt anymore in the future. These volcanoes have been intensively weathered and eroded.

A

DISTINCT/INACTIVE

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27
Q

Different kinds of eruptions can be classified as either?

A

EFFUSIVE OR EXPLOSIVE

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28
Q

Involve the outpouring of basaltic magma that is relatively low in viscosity and low in gas content.

A

EFFUSIVE ERUPTIONS

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29
Q

Involve magma of high viscosity and high gas content.

A

EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS

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30
Q

Driven by steam due to rapid heating beneath a volcano. Releases steam. They often precede or accompany another type of volcanic eruption.

A

PHREATIC

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31
Q

Occurs when water interacts with magma. It releases steam and pyroclastic fragments into Earth’s surface.

A

PHREATOMAGMATIC

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32
Q

Fountains of either basaltic or andesitic lava. This eruption creates eruptive products such as scoria (hardened chunks of bubbly lava) and lava bombs

A

STROMBOLIAN

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33
Q

Steam, viscous lava, volcanic material that very quickly goes down.

A

PELEAN

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34
Q

Tall eruptions that go up to 20km high. Short, explosive and violent. This happens when the pressure is enough to blow off the overlaying layer of solidified lava over the entrapped gases in magma.

A

VULCANIAN

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35
Q

Most destructive and violent eruptions. Volcanic materials go more than 20km high and form an eruption column.

A

PILINIAN

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36
Q

Comes from the Greek word geo which means “Earth,” and thermal, which means “heat.”
Comes from heat contained in fluids in rocks beneath the Earth.
May be derived from steam or hot liquid water.
Obtained by drilling wells.
The Philippines is the 3rd largest producer of this globally.

A

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

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37
Q

Steam from natural resources such as geysers or high pressure depths are used to drive electrical turbines.

A

CONVENTIONAL GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

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38
Q

The scientists and researchers are using the heat from supercritical water.

A

VOLCANIC GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

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39
Q

Is believed to have greater energy than conventional steam.

A

SUPERCRITICAL WATER

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40
Q

Where the heat of the Earth changes water into steam, then the steam turns a turbine.

A

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS

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41
Q

How do Geothermal Power Plants work?

A

Hot water is pumped from underground. (Thermal energy)
The steam from the hot waters turns a turbine. (Mechanical energy)
The turbine turns the generator. (Mechanical energy)
Electricity then goes to a grid. (Electrical energy)

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42
Q

Removes heat from the fluid in the Earth’s connection, concentrates it, then transfers it into a building.

A

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS

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43
Q

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: VOLCANO

A

Advantages
Tourism
Lava and ash deposits act as fertilizer
Generating geothermal Energy
Habitats
Can create new islands
Cools down the Earth
Precious gems and building materials

Disadvantages
Harmful gases
Pyroclastic flow
Lahar
Landslides
Tephra

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44
Q

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

A

Advantages
Renewable
Sustainable
More environmentally friendly
Efficient
No fuel required

Disadvantages
May trigger earthquakes (due to digging)
Environment concerns (gas from underground may enter atmosphere)
Location-restricted (power plants must be built where geothermal energy is accessible)
May affect stability of land
Costly

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45
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE

It refers to the behavior of the atmosphere over relatively long periods of time.

A

CLIMATE

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46
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE

The distance (in degrees) to the North and South from the equator

A

LATITUDE

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47
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE

Wind direction a particular area or region experiences most frequently

A

PREVAILING WINDS

48
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE

The height above sea level

A

ALTITUDE

49
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE

Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than inland areas

A

DISTANCE FROM THE SEA

50
Q

TYPES OF CLIMATE

  • Found in places near the equator
  • Dry and wet seasons
A

TROPICAL

51
Q

TYPES OF CLIMATE

  • Involve very hot summers with seldom rains
  • Arid or semiarid places
A

DRY

52
Q

TYPES OF CLIMATE

  • Moderate rainfall across the year, warm summers and cool winters
  • Common to places found in latitudes
A

TEMPERATE

53
Q

TYPES OF CLIMATE

  • Include variation of temperature year-round; hot summers, cold winters, and a small amount of rainfall
A

CONTINENTAL

54
Q

TYPES OF CLIMATE

  • Cool summers and very long cold winters
  • Permafrost
A

POLAR

55
Q

It is the natural healing process of the Earth.

A

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

56
Q

It is the gradual increase in the Earth’s temperature.

A

GLOBAL WARMING

57
Q

It is a change in the usual weather found in a place.

A

CLIMAGE CHANGE

58
Q

It refers to the climactic conditions in localized areas near the Earth’s surface. It is defined by temperature, moisture, winds, vegetation, soil, elevation, latitude, and season.

A

MICROCLIMATE

59
Q

MICROCLIMATES IN THE PH

There are two pronounced seasons: dry from the months of November to April, and wet the rest of the year.

A

TYPE I

60
Q

MICROCLIMATES IN THE PH

There is no dry season with very pronounced rainfall from November to April and wet the rest of the year.

A

TYPE II

61
Q

MICROCLIMATES IN THE PH

Seasons are not very pronounced: relatively dry from November to April and then wet for the rest of the year.

A

TYPE III

62
Q

MICROCLIMATES IN THE PH

Rainfall is more likely to be evenly distributed throughout the year.

A

TYPE IV

63
Q

It refers to a seasonal shift in the direction of the prevailing winds of a region.

A

MONSOONS

64
Q

It is a significant climate phenomena because of its ability to alter or change the atmospheric circulation of the world, affecting temperature and precipitation.

A

ENSO

65
Q

Rapid rotating storm over tropical oceans.

A

TROPICAL CYCLONES

66
Q

Is a massive, luminous sphere of plasma held together by its own gravity.

A

STAR

67
Q

What color is the hottest star?

A

BLUE

68
Q

The color of the star indicates its SURFACE TEMPERATURE.

TRUE or FALSE?

A

TRUE

69
Q

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE

The TEMPERATURE of the star as observed from the earth, relies upon 2 variables. APPARENT and ABSOLUTE.

A

FALSE. BRIGHTNESS

The BRIGHTNESS of the star as observed from the earth, relies upon 2 variables: APPARENT (distance) and the ABSOLUTE (ACTUAL) brightness of the star.

70
Q

The [blank] a star is, the hotter its surface.

A

MASSIVE

71
Q

THE LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR

A

A star begins as a NEBULA, then it reaches the MAIN-SEQUENCE STAR phase, then it either becomes a star of greater mass, which is called a SUPERGIANT, or it becomes a star of less mass, which is called a RED GIANT.

If it becomes a SUPERGIANT, the next stage is the explosion of the supergiant, which then turns the star into a SUPERNOVA. If the core collapses and becomes very dense, it becomes a NEUTRON STAR. If the core collapses completely and vanishes, it becomes a BLACK HOLE.

If it becomes a RED GIANT, the outer layers of gas puff off, becoming a PLANETARY NEBULA, which exposes the hot core as WHITE DWARF, then the WHITE DWARF COOLING stage occurs, where the star cools and reddens, and finally, the star becomes a BLACK DWARF and stops glowing.

72
Q

In this stage, the star begins to shrink, warm up, and become a PROTOSTAR

A

NEBULA

73
Q

In this stage, the star shines as nuclear reactions inside produce light and heat.

A

MAIN-SEQUENCE STAR

74
Q

In this stage, the star of greater mass expands, cools, and turns red.

A

SUPERGIANT

75
Q

In this stage, the supergiant explodes, which blasts away the outer layers.

A

SUPERNOVA

76
Q

In this stage, the supergiant’s core collapses completely and vanishes

A

BLACK HOLE

77
Q

In this stage, the supergiant’s core collapses and becomes very dense.

A

NEUTRON STAR

78
Q

In this stage, the star of less mass expands and glows red as it cools.

A

RED GIANT

79
Q

In this stage, the outer layers of gas puff off and the hot core will be exposed as white dwarf.

A

PLANETARY NEBULA

80
Q

The hot core of the planetary nebula is exposed.

A

WHITE DWARF

81
Q

The star cools and reddens.

A

WHITE DWARF COOLING

82
Q

The star stops glowing.

A

BLACK DWARF

83
Q

A group of stars.

A

CONSTELLATION

84
Q

Other name for Orion

A

THE HUNTER

85
Q

A zodiac sign often represented as a bull.

A

TAURUS

86
Q

Why do stars seem to travel across the sky at night differently?

A

THE EARTH ROTATES ON ITS AXIS.

THE EARTH REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN.

87
Q

What constellations are visible ALL YEAR LONG?

A

CASSIOPEIA
CEPHEUS
DRACO
URSA MAJOR
URSA MINOR

88
Q

What constellations are visible IN THE WINTER?

A

CANIS MAJOR
CETUS
ERIDANUS
GEMINI
ORION
PERSEUS
TAURUS

89
Q

What constellations are visible IN THE SPRING?

A

BOOTES
CANCER
CRATER
HYDRA
LEO
VIRGO

90
Q

What constellations are visible IN THE SUMMER?

A

AQUILA
CYGNUS
HERCULES
LYRA
OPHIUCHUS
SAGITTARIUS
SCORPIO

91
Q

What constellations are visible IN THE FALL?

A

ANDROMEDA
AQUARIUS
CAPRICORN
PEGASUS
PISCES

92
Q

What are the zodiac constellations?

A

ARIES
TAURUS
GEMINI
CANCER
LEO
VIRGO
LIBRA
SCORPIO
SAGITTARIUS
AQUARIUS
PISCES

93
Q

It can be expressed in terms of luminosity and magnitude.

It depends on the composition and distance.

A

BRIGHTNESS

94
Q

Distance of the star from our perspective on Earth.

A

APPARENT

95
Q

Actual brightness of the star.

A

ABSOLUTE

96
Q

The brightest are the blue stars.

The least bright are the red stars.

TRUE or FALSE?

A

TRUE

97
Q

The temperature of a star helps determine its color.

TRUE or FALSE?

A

TRUE

98
Q

It is usually the basis for other stars.

A

RADIUS OF THE SUN

99
Q

Larger star = LESS luminous
Smaller star = MORE luminous

TRUE or FALSE?

A

FALSE

100
Q

There are 88 constellations covering the entire northern and southern skies.

TRUE or FALSE?

A

TRUE

101
Q

A group of stars that is not a constellation but can be a part of a constellation.

A

ASTERISM

102
Q

THE LIFE CYCLE OF LARGE STARS

A

Nebula -> Main Sequence Star -> Supergiant -> Supernova -> Neutron Star (core collapses and becomes very dense)

Nebula -> Main Sequence Star -> Supergiant -> Supernova -> Black hole (core collapses completely and vanishes)

103
Q

THE LIFE CYCLE OF SMALL STARS

A

Nebula -> Main Sequence Star -> Red Giant -> Planetary Nebula -> White Dwarf -> White Dwarf Cooling -> Black Dwarf

104
Q

It is the organization that promotes and safeguard the science of astronomy.

A

INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION (IAU)

105
Q

English name of?

CAPRICORN

A

GOAT

106
Q

English name of?

AQUARIUS

A

WATER BEARER

107
Q

English name of?

PISCES

A

FISH

108
Q

English name of?

ARIES

A

RAM

109
Q

English name of?

TAURUS

A

BULL

110
Q

English name of?

GEMINI

A

TWINS

111
Q

English name of?

CANCER

A

CRAB

112
Q

English name of?

LEO

A

LION

113
Q

English name of?

VIRGO

A

MAIDEN/VIRGIN

114
Q

English name of?

LIBRA

A

SCALES

115
Q

English name of?

SCORPIO

A

SCORPION

116
Q

English name of?

SAGITTARIUS

A

CENTAUR/ARCHER

Grade 9 3rd Periodic Test (5 decks)

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