ENGLISH Flashcards
At first glance, it looks like a verb, but it doesn’t function as a verb.
VERBALS
What are the three types of Verbals?
PARTICIPLES
GERUND
INFINITIVE
VERBAL
Verb in form, but functions as an adjective.
PARTICIPLE
“The crying baby finally went to sleep.” What type of Verbal was used in the sentence?
PARTICIPLE
Explaination:
In the sentence “crying” was used as an adjective because it describes how the baby acted before it went to sleep.
The “baby” is the subject because it is the doer of the action. The baby cried then eventually went to sleep.
“Went” is the verb because it is the action done by the baby
“The printed documents were placed on the table.” What type of verbal was used in the sentence?
PARTICIPLE
Explaination:
“Printed” describes the documents in the sentence because if we just say documents then the reader won’t know which/what type it will be.
“Documents” is the subject because it’s placed right next to the adjective. To quickly notice if it’s a participle is to check the subject and what kind of function is right before it.
“Were placed” is the verb because it is where the subject is acted upon.
VERBAL
Functions as a noun and always ends in “ing”
GERUND
“I like studying.” What type of verbal was used in the sentence?
GERUND
Explanation:
Studying is used as a noun because it’s like you’re telling the readers that you enjoy the process of studying.
“My cat’s favorite activity is sleeping.” What type of verbal was used in the sentence?
GERUND
Explanation: The sentence tells us sleeping isn’t a verb or an adjective but it tells us an extra description about the cat.
VERBAL
Functions as an adjective, noun, or adverb. (to + present simple)
INFINITIVE
“To study is a privilege.” What type of verbal was used in the sentence?
INFINITIVE
“I’d like to order a coffee.” What type of verbal was used in the sentence?
INFINITIVE
“These are iPad games to help you get through the minute.” What type of verbal was used in the sentence?
INFINITIVE
“These are the documents for you to finish by the end of the day.” What type of verbal was used in the sentence?
INFINITIVE
What is the difference between a VERBAL and a VERB?
VERBALS act as the subject of the sentence, but at first glance they make look like a verb. They are usually the one being described.
VERBS are action words. They describe the noun or the subject in the sentence.
“The waiting shed looks cozy for the commuters.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
PARTICIPLES
WAITING
“The painted walls brought life to the room.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
PARTICIPLES
PAINTED
“The crying baby had a wet diaper.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
PARTICIPLES
CRYING
“She hugged the panting dog.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
PARTICIPLES
PANTING
“The laughing children played together.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
PARTICIPLES
LAUGHING
“The wrecked car was totaled.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
PARTICIPLES
WRECKED
“The vase laid shattered on the floor.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
PARTICIPLES
SHATTERED
“Delighted, the children watched the clown.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
PARTICIPLES
DELIGHTED
“Protecting our territories is one of our duties.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
GERUND
PROTECTING
“I enjoy cooking.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
GERUND
COOKING
“Singing is one of my hobbies.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
GERUND
SINGING
“Gabe likes drawing.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
GERUND
DRAWING
“Jorella enjoys reading.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
GERUND
READING
“Rya talked about traveling to Europe.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
GERUND
TRAVELING
“By attending Taekwondo class regularly, Kadie stays healthy.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
GERUND
ATTENDING
“I like to sleep.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS A NOUN)
TO SLEEP
“Your best option is to run for president.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS A NOUN)
TO RUN
“The theatre is the place to go.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS AN ADJECTIVE)
TO GO
“I have things to sell.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS AN ADJECTIVE)
TO SELL
“The movie to watch is Interstellar.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS AN ADJECTIVE)
TO WATCH
“This is a book to help you understand fairytales.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS AN ADJECTIVE)
TO HELP
“Moana is eager to see her family.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS AN ADVERB)
To see
“It is good to know that you can cook so well.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS AN ADVERB)
TO KNOW
“He locked the door to keep everyone out.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS AN ADVERB)
TO KEEP
These are words that have the same or very similar meanings.
They can often be used interchangeably in sentences, though slight differences in context or tone may exist.
SYNONYMS
INFINITIVE AS?
It can be a subject, object, or complement.
NOUNS
INFINITIVE AS?
Describes and gives out more information about a noun.
ADJECTIVE
INFINITIVE AS?
Can modify a verb. Adjective, or another adverb. We can ask the questions “How, Why, To what extent?”
ADVERB
“She has a book to read.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS AN ADJECTIVE)
“To read is enjoyable.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS A NOUN)
“She loves to dance.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS A NOUN)
“His dream is to travel the world.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS NOUN)
“She studies hard to succeed.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS AN ADVERB)
“Anna was eager to sing.” Determine what type of verbal was used in the sentence and what the verbal is in the sentence.
INFINITIVE (AS AN ADVERB)
“Seize the day, trusting as little as possible in the next one.”
CARPE DIEM
CARPE DIEM QUAM MINIMUM CREDULA POSTERO
Is the thought of communicating or expressing one’s thoughts.
SPEECH
Is used to report or repeat the words spoken by the speaker/writer in THE WAY IT IS TOLD.
It has QUOTATION MARKS.
DIRECT SPEECH
It is reporting someone’s word, it ISN’T SAYING IT EXACTLY AS IT IS TOLD, but it STILL CONVEYS THE SAME MESSAGE
INDIRECT SPEECH
What things do you consider when changing direct speech to indirect speech?
CHANGES FROM 1ST POV TO 2ND OR 3RD POV
CHANGES IN PRONOUN
CHANGES IN TIME AND DATE
CHANGES IN TENSE
Miles: I don’t like you.
DIRECT
He said, “I don’t like you.”
INDIRECT
He said that he didn’t like me.
WHAT CHANGE/S WAS MADE WHEN CONVERTING THE DIRECT SPEECH TO AN INDIRECT SPEECH?
CHANGES IN POV AND PRONOUN
Tina: I’ll do it today!
DIRECT
Tina said, “I’ll do it today!”
INDIRECT
Tina said that she would do it that day.
WHAT CHANGE/S WAS MADE WHEN CONVERTING THE DIRECT SPEECH TO AN INDIRECT SPEECH?
CHANGES IN TIME AND DATE
Marie: These files are what I needed!
WHAT IS THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT VERSION OF THIS SENTENCE?
DIRECT
Marie said, “These files are what I needed!”
INDIRECT
She said that those files were what she needed.
David: I will meet her in this cafe.
WHAT IS THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT VERSION OF THIS SENTENCE?
DIRECT
David said, “I will meet her in this cafe.”
INDIRECT
He said that he would meet her in that cafe.
Olivia: I will wait here.
WHAT IS THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT VERSION OF THIS SENTENCE?
DIRECT
Olivia said, “I will wait here.”
INDIRECT
She said that she would wait there.
Rachael: I have an interview tomorrow.
WHAT IS THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT VERSION OF THIS SENTENCE?
DIRECT
Rachael said, “I have an interview tomorrow.”
INDIRECT
She said that she had an interview the next day.
The president announced, “These books are for free.”
CONVERT THIS DIRECT SPEECH TO AN INDIRECT SPEECH
The president announced that those books were for free.
What do you call the verb OUTSIDE the quotation mark?
REPORTED VERB
What do you call the verb INSIDE the quotation mark?
REPORTING VERB
Tony said, “I cooked that meal.”
What is the REPORTED verb and REPORTING verb in this sentence?
REPORTED VERB = SAID
REPORTING VERB = COOKED
In changes in tense, what do you do if the reporting verb in the sentence is in PRESENT OR FUTURE TENSE REPORTING VERB?
TENSE IS NOT CHANGED.
In changes in tense, what do you do if the reporting verb in the sentence is in PAST TENSE?
CHANGE THE TENSE
SIMPLE PRESENT is changed to?
Ex.
Jam said, “I cook pasta” -> Jam said that she cooked pasta.
SIMPLE PAST.
Liza told the students, “I play football.”
What is the indirect version of this sentence?
Liza told the students that she played football.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS is changed to?
Ex.
Jam said, “I am cooking pasta.” -> Jam said that she was cooking pasta.
PAST CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT is changed to?
Ex.
Jam said, “I have cooked pasta.” -> Jam said that she had cooked pasta.
PAST PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS is changed to?
Ex.
Jam said, “I have been cooking pasta.” -> Jam said that she had been cooking pasta.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PAST is changed to?
Ex.
Jam said, “I cooked pasta.” -> Jam said that she had cooked pasta.
PAST PERFECT
PAST CONTINUOUS is changed to?
Ex. Jam said, “I was cooking pasta.” -> Jam said that she had been cooking pasta.
PAST PERFECT
WILL, CAN, SHALL are changed to?
WOULD, COULD, SHOULD
What is the only exception to all the mentioned rules when it comes to DIRECT and INDIRECT SPEECH?
IF A REPORTED SPEECH IS A FACT, HABIT, TRUTH, OR CAN BE UNIVERSALLY APPLIED TO ALL, NOTHING CHANGES.
1989 coming of age film
Set in 1959 in the grounds of Welton Academy
DEAD POET’S SOCIETY
The act of following the established rule
CONFORMITY
Challenging established traditions/norms
SUBVERSIVE
Using few words, concise or brief
LACONIC
Out flowing with enthusiasm/excitement
EBULLIENT
Different or unusual
UNORTHODOX
The new English teacher at Welton Academy (charismatic and has an odd yet meaningful way of teaching)
JOHN KEATING
One of Welton’s finest students who wanted to become an actor but his father pressured and wanted him to do otherwise which resulted him to commit suicide by a gun.
NEIL PERRY
His brother was one of Welton’s finest students (graduated as valedictorian) but he was shy, timid, and introverted but eventually grew confidence under Mr. Keating’s teachings.
TODD ANDERSON
Bold and rebellious student. Eventually gets expelled.
CHARLIE DALTON (NUWANDA)
A romantic who fell in love with a girl named Chris and pursued her even after finding out she was in a relationship.
KNOX OVERSTREET
Betrayed the group which led to Mr. Keating being fired from his position.
RICHARD CAMERON
A bright student who works on/invents creative projects.
STEVEN MEEKS
A quiet member but loyal do the group. Was often teased by Mr. Keating for having a “pitiful last name”
GERARD PITTS
A traditional and strict headmaster.
PRINCIPAL NOLAN
Neil Perry’s controlling father.
MR. PERRY
This poem was written by Walt Whitman in 1865.
The elegy was written for President Abraham Lincoln after his assassination on April 14, 1865.
It was frequently referenced in Dead Poet’s Society
O CAPTAIN, MY CAPTAIN!
Poem of serious reflection for the dead.
ELEGY
