Science

Question 1

General Facts

Answer 1

Classification is grouping things together based on similarities. (Think about all the items that are classified in your room, house, stores).
Taxonomy is the branch of biology in which all living organisms are classified into groups. This makes it easier to study them.
Early classification systems, such as by Aristotle, were inadequate or flawed (had mistakes).
Until the invention of the microscope, there were only two basic groupings for living organisms: plants and animals.
=In the late 18th century (1700s), Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist, developed a seven-step classification system that is used to identify all living organisms. He is considered to be the “Father of Taxonomy.”

Question 2

The Naming System of Linnaeus

Answer 2

Linnaeus placed organisms in groups based on their observable features.
Each organism was given a unique, two-part naming scientific name (Latin was the universal language).
This two-word naming system is called Binomial Nomenclature. The name is made up of the genus and species (the last two groups of a seven-step system).
Today, scientists use this system and use similarities in internal and external structure to classify organisms.
The levels of classification are: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
A mnemonic is Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools or King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti. You could also create your own.

Question 3

Phylogeny

Answer 3

Evolutionary history of an organism; used today to group all living organisms into five kingdoms.

Question 4

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 4

Two-word naming system that gives all organisms their scientific name and is made up of the genus and species (the last two groups of the seven-step system)

Question 5

Kingdom

Answer 5

The first, largest, and broadest category AFTER Domain.
There are five kingdoms today (some scientists say more).
Every living organism belongs to one of these five kingdoms: Bacteria (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria), Protists, Fungi,
Plants, Animals.
The Bacteria Kingdom is prokaryotic (Domain - REMEMBER NO NUCLEUS).
All other kingdoms are eukaryotic (Domain - REMEMBER
HAS A NUCLEUS).

Question 6

Phylum

Answer 6

Subgroup. For the Animal Kingdom, all vertebrates belong to the Phylum Chordata (notochord means backbone). All the invertebrates belong to different phyla (plural).

Question 7

Class

Answer 7

Subgroup. Some examples of classes for the vertebrates in Kingdom Animalia: Reptilia, Amphibia, Mammalia, Aves (Birds - think aviation, aviator, aviary).

Question 8

Order

Answer 8

Subgroup. Examples of orders for the Class Mammalia are carnivora, insectivora, rodentia, cetacea, proboscidea.
Carnivore eats meat
Herbivore eats plants
Omnivore eats all things

Question 9

Family

Answer 9

Subgroup. Examples of families: Canidae and Felidae

Question 10

Genus

Answer 10

First word of binomial nomenclature and always capitalized

Question 11

Species

Answer 11

Second word of binomial nomenclature and is not capitalized; this is the level where organisms resemble each other and mate with each other