Parts of the cell

Question 1

Multicellular organisms

Answer 1

Has one or more cells

Question 2

Unicellular organisms

Answer 2

Has only ONE cell

Question 3

What can a cell’s shape tell you about?

Answer 3

It can tell you about its function (job)

Question 4

Can all cells repair themselves?

Answer 4

Most cells can repair themselves; others like a nerve cell may be damaged permanently.

Question 5

Prokaryotic/Prokaryote

Answer 5

Is a cell with NO nucleus.

Question 6

Eukaryotic/Eukaryote

Answer 6

Is a cell with an enclosed nucleus.

Question 7

Organelles

Answer 7

Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions

Question 8

Cell Wall

Answer 8

Protective Wall
Encloses all plant, algae, fungi, and bacteria
Tough, rigid outer layer made of cellulose (fiber)
Protects the cell and gives it shape
Outermost layer of plant cells, algae, fungi, bacteria
Materials are able to pass through the cell wall by pores or openings.

Question 9

Cell Membrane

Answer 9

Protective layer around all cells
Contains pores and allows nutrients like water and oxygen to enter the cell and waste like carbon dioxide to exit the cell for animal cells. Semi-permeable means some materials can pass through and others cannot.
Material like oxygen moving into and out of the cell is a process called diffusion; if it is water moving in and out it is called osmosis. For plant cells carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits the cell in the process known as photosynthesis.
Outermost layer of animal cells and just inside the cell wall for plant cells.

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Brain/Control Center
Large oval structure that directs all the cell’s activities.
Contains three parts:
Nuclear membrane/envelope -contains pores
Nucleolus – little nucleus where ribosomes which produce proteins (amino acids) are made
Chromosomes – rod-like structures known as chromatin that contain genes which contain DNA. DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid and is the genetic material found in the nucleus of the cell that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring during replication.
Chromatin thicken into chromosomes and then divide in a process called mitosis to make new cells/replication/reproduction.

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Gelatin-like substance that flows throughout the cell located between the membrane and nucleus
Holds the organelles in a cell and moves constantly

Question 12

Mitochondrion/Mitochondria

Answer 12

Produces Power
Energy processor for all cells – the powerhouse – think “mighty.”
Rod-like structures in the cytoplasm that store energy from food and release it when needed.
More active cells like muscle cells have more mitochondria.
Cellular Respiration – process that involves the mitochondria; animal cells take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide in this process.

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

protein makers
Small structures where cells make their own proteins (look like black dots).
Made in the nucleolus and move out into the cytoplasm.

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

transportation system
Extends from the nucleus to cell membrane
Series of folded membranes in which materials can be processed and moved around inside the cell.
Smooth ER – no attached ribosomes
Rough ER – has attached ribosomes

Question 15

Golgi Bodies

Answer 15

mailroom
Stacked, flattened membranes or sacs and tubes
Receives and sorts of proteins and other cellular substances and then packages them and sends them off

Question 16

Vacuole

Answer 16

storage
Organelles that hold storage of materials such as water, waste products, food, and other cellular materials.
Plant cells usually have one large vacuole; when it is empty, the plant may droop.
Animal cells usually have smaller
and more numerous vacuoles.

Question 17

Chloroplast

Answer 17

Plant Energy Maker
Energy processor for plant cells
Green structures in the cytoplasm of green parts of plants
They are green because of the pigment chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis.

Question 18

Photosynthesis

Answer 18

Process in which plants take in sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and the chloroplasts convert these raw materials into sugar/glucose/energy for the plant. Oxygen is given off as a product.

Question 19

Lysosome

Answer 19

Digests old cell parts/recycles for ANIMAL cells
Contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts.
When a cell dies, a lysosome’s membrane disintegrates.

Question 20

Mitosis

Answer 20

The second stage of the cell cycle during with the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

The diffusion of water molecules across a selectivity permeable membrane

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

The process by which water molecules move from a higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Material like oxygen moving into and out of the cell

Question 23

Photosynthesis

Answer 23

Chloroplasts in plant cells that make food/sugar for the plant

Question 24

Stomata

Answer 24

Openings in the leaves through carbon dioxide enters and oxeygen leaves

Question 25

Cellular Respiration

Answer 25

Cellular Respiration is the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside the cell, releasing energy; the cellular process in which the mitochondria stores energy for the cells, and releases it as needed

Question 26

What are chromosomes made of?

Answer 26

DNA and proteins

Question 27

Steps of mitosis

Answer 27

1. prophase (pro-pre)
2. metaphase
3. Anaphase (away)
4. Telophase
   HELP: P-MAT

Question 28

What part/parts does the animal cell have that the plant cell does not?

Answer 28

Plant does not have- Lysosome
Animal does not have- Chloroplast, Cell wall

Question 29

Why do cells from the same organism look different?

Answer 29

Different cells specialized in different functions

Question 30

What group makes up a tissue?

Answer 30

A group of Cells

Question 31

What does several tissues make up?

Answer 31

An organ

Question 32

What organelle causes a disease in the body if something bad gets into the cell?

Answer 32

The cell membrane

Question 33

What organelle is affected by mosaic viruses?

Answer 33

Chloroplasts

Question 34

What makes up a tissue?

Answer 34

A group of similar cells

Question 35

What forms a muscle tissue?

Answer 35

muscle cells

Question 36

What makes up an organ system?

Answer 36

A group of organs that work together