Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

winter exam > science > Flashcards

science Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cell?

A

the cell is the smallest working unit of a living thing (organism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

independent variable

A

being changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dependent variable

A

being measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fixed/control variable

A

staying the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hypothesis

A

prediction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name of the man who first said the word cell

A

robert hooke in 1665

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does unicellular mean

A

made of just one cell, for example, bacteria.​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

multicellular

A

made of many cells, for example, humans.​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

levels of organization

A

cells - tissues - organ - organelle - organ system - organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is tissue?

A

A tissue is a group of cells that work together to carry out a similar function. e.g Blood is a tissue which consists of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) that work together to transport oxygen and other substances around the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

organ

A

An organ is a group of tissues that work together to carry out a similar function​

​

Example: The Heart, Liver, Kidneys, etc.​

​

An organ does not have to consist of only one type of tissue​

Example – the heart consists of blood tissue, nerve tissue, muscle tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

organ system

A

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to carry out a similar function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

organism

A

An organism is a group of organ systems that work together to carry out a similar function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does an animal cell consist of?

A

ribosome, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is membrane?

A

Structure:​
Outer cell covering​
Made up mainly of fat

Function:​
Keeps the contents of the cell in place​
Acts as a form of protection​
Controls what enters and leaves the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly like substance, composed of 80% water, salts, glucose

cell organelles float within this substance + cell activities occur here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

membrane-bound organelles

A

nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

contents of a nucleus

A

genetic material, chromosomes made up of genes, genes made up of dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of the nucleus

A

acts as the brain of the cell, in charge of all cell activities, cell manager,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mitochondrion (mitochondria)

A

The place where energy is released from nutrients by respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ribosomes

A

Their function is to produce proteins such as the hormone insulin, the enzyme amylase, and collagen for the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

small vacuole

A

Used for temporary storage of food and waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

plant cell

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cellulose cell wall

A

only in plant cells + supports, shapes and strengthens the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

chloroplast

A

where photosynthesis occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis is the way in which green plants make their own food using light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

large vacuole

A

Stores water, sugar and waste.​
Also helps to give
structure to the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

characteristics of life

A

reproduction, movement, respiration, response, nutrition, growth and excretion

29
Q

the keywords of a microscope (study image on slide 45)

A

Microscope ​
Eyepiece lens​
Nosepiece​
Objective lenses​
Stage​
Lamp​
Coarse focus​
Fine Focus

30
Q

what does the eyepiece do

A

magnifies the sample x10

31
Q

objective lens

A

above the stage, has 3 lenses that magnify the sample by 4, 10 or 40

32
Q

stage

A

where you hold your sample

33
Q

coarse focus knob

A

to focus sample you are looking t

34
Q

fine focus knob

A

further sharpens image and for delicate focusing at high power

35
Q

light

A

supplies light to the object

36
Q

diaphragm

A

controls the amount of light

37
Q

why do we need food?

A

energy, growth, repair, to prevent deficiency disease

38
Q

main types of nutrients in food

A

protein, carbohydrates, fat ,vitamins, minerals, water

39
Q

sources of protein

A

lean meat, fish eggs, poultry, beans, lentils.

40
Q

function of protein in body

A

growth, repair of tissue

41
Q

types of carbohydrates

A

starch, sugar, fibre

42
Q

function of carbohydrates in body

A

starch = energy
sugar = energy
fibre = causes peristalsis in the digestive system, prevents constipation

43
Q

fat

A

you can get it from vegetable oils function = cell membranes

44
Q

vitamins

A

vitamin C + D

45
Q

vitamin c

A

citrus fruits, kiwi, blackcurrants

46
Q

vitamin d

A

sunlight, dairy foods, supplements

47
Q

vitamin c + d function in body

A

vitamin c - making new cells
vitamin d - healthy bones, wellbeing

48
Q

vitamin c + d deficiency disease

A

c - scurvy
d = rickets

49
Q

minerals

A

calcium , iron

50
Q

sources of iron and calcium

A

calcium : dairy foods, tinned fish
iron : red meat, green vegetables

51
Q

calcium + iron function in body

A

calcium - strong bones and teeth
iron - needed for haemoglobin

52
Q

calcium + iron deficiency disease

A

iron - anaemia
calcium - osteoporosis

53
Q

water function in body

A

maintain body at 37 degrees

54
Q

digest =

A

break down food

55
Q

components of the digestive system (see slide 10)

A

mouth and mouth cavity, pharnyx, oesophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

56
Q

function of salivary glands

A

produces amylase, amylase is an enzyme that helps break down starch

57
Q

function of liver

A

produces bile to aid digestion of fat

58
Q

gallbladder function

A

stores bile until small intestine needs it

59
Q

function pancreas

A

make enzymes to digest food

60
Q

small intestine function

A

digests food and absorbs it into blood

61
Q

five steps of getting nutrients

A

ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion

62
Q

meanings of the five steps of getting nutrients

A

Ingestion: eating​
Digestion: breaking down food​
Absorption: food passing into blood​
Assimilation: food being used by the cells​
Egestion: passing out unabsorbed food (faeces)​

63
Q

types of digestion

A

chemical, mechanical

64
Q

teeth and their functions

A

Incisors (4)​
Cut and slice food.​
Canines (2)​
Grip and tear food.​
Premolar (4)​
Chew and grind food.​
Molars (6)​
Chew and grind food.​

65
Q

peristalsis

A

used to push food along system only occurs in muscles of digestive system

66
Q

enzymes

A

A protein that alters the speed of a chemical reaction in an organism

67
Q

amylase

A

enzyme that breaks down starch into a sugar called maltose

68
Q

amylase - ? - ?

A

AMYLASE - STARCH - MALTOSE

69
Q

maltase - ? - ?

A

MALTASE - MALTOSE - GLUCOSE

winter exam (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions