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winter exam > geography > Flashcards

geography Flashcards

1
Q

three types of volcano

A

active, dormant, extinct

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2
Q

3 layers of the earth

A

crust, mantle, core

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3
Q

what is the crust made up of

A

solid rock

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4
Q

what is the mantle made up of

A

magma

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5
Q

what is the core made up of and how hot can it get

A

the core is made up of iron and nickel and is it 6000 degrees celcius

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6
Q

where are the plates located

A

on the mantle

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7
Q

who first said the term ‘Pangaea’ to describe the earth?

A

alfred wegener

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8
Q

what is pangaea

A

meaning all land, used to describe the earth before it split apart into different countries.

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9
Q

what happens when plates collide

A

plates that collide with eachother have destructive (or convergent) boundaries - called subduction - crust is destroyed

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10
Q

what happens when plates seperate

A

plates that seperate have constructive boundaries - called sea-floor spreading - crust is created

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11
Q

what happens when plates slide past eachother

A

passive boundaries - cause earthquakes

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12
Q

three types of rock

A

sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous

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13
Q

positive effects of volcano

A

soil rich in minerals, tourism, geothermal energy

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14
Q

negative effects of volcano

A

sulfur dioxide, loss of human life, volcanic material mixing with water creates mud called lafar (extremely deadly)

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15
Q

what is the focus

A

the point beneath the surface where the earthquake happens

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16
Q

what is the epicentre

A

the point above the focus - greatest damage occurs here, strongest tremors etc

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17
Q

how to measure an earthquake?

A

richter scale, ranges 1/10 each in 10x stronger than last,
or seismographs

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18
Q

how do fold mountains form

A

when two plates collide

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19
Q

how are igneous rocks formed

A

cooled magma

19
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed

A

particles of other rocks, dead plants and animals compressed over time

20
Q

how are metamorphic rocks formed

A

when igneous or sedimentary rocks are changed under great pressure and heat

21
Q

what is the pacific ring of fire, and where it it located?

A

The Ring of Fire is a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean.

22
Q

5 different parts of a volcano

A

magma chamber, vent, crater, ash cloud, volcanic cone

23
Q

how do earthquakes occur?

A

when plates collide or slide past eachother

24
Q

short term response in event of an earthquake

A

evacuation,

25
Q

long term response in event of an earthquake

A

repair

26
Q

one example of an igneous rock

A

basalt

27
Q

e.g of sedimentary rock

A

limestone

28
Q

e.g of metapmorphic rock

A

marble

29
Q

where does marble come from

A

when limestone is put under great heat and pressure

30
Q

where can you locate basalt

A

the giants causeway,

31
Q

where can you locate limestone

A

the burren

32
Q

where can you locate marble

A

connemara co. galway

33
Q

where is the burren

A

co. clare

34
Q

what is quarrying

A

the process of using large machinery to cut large chunks out of the earths crust to extract rock

35
Q

positive impact of quarrying

A

employment, raw materials, economic activity

36
Q

negative effect of quarrying

A

eyesore, pollution, decrease in property value around, traffic pollution

37
Q

what are the three types of economic activity

A

primary, secondary, tertiaryw

38
Q

what is primary economic activity

A

people working directly with the earths materials e.g farmer

39
Q

what is secondary economic activity

A

people who manufacture something e.g baker

40
Q

what is tertiary economic activity

A

providing a service e.g solicitor

41
Q

renewable resource

A

resources that can be used repeatedly without running out e.g water

42
Q

non renewable resource

A

resources that will run out e.g oil

43
Q

four stages of water cycle

A

Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Run off

44
Q

what is irrigation

A

the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels.

45
Q

what does permeable mean

A

water can pass through it

46
Q

what does soluble mean

A

dissolves in water

winter exam (9 decks)

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