renaissance, ldimt Flashcards
where did the lords, ladies, servants, pages, squires and chaplains live
The lord and lady of the castle lived in the keep. So too did the servants, pages, squires and also the chaplain (priest).
The Normans lived where
The Normans lived in castles; first motte and bailey, then stone e.g. Trim Castle.
main room in the keep
great hall
what did the lord do in a day in his life
carrying out his duties
He gave orders to the soldiers.
Collected rents and taxes from the peasants.
Held court to settle disputes and decided punishments for criminals.
a life a lady led
lived quiet lives, and their main job was to produce heirs.
They spent lots of time in the solar (the room that got the most sun). Here they taught their daughters to spin, weave, do needlework such as embroidery, and used herbs to treat illness.
Ladies of the castle cared for children sent by other nobles to castle -> fosterage.
They were responsible for ordering food for the kitchens and salting of food to preserve it.
Ladies also gave orders to the servants.
lord and lady activities
Banquets were often held. Lord and lady sat at a high table raised on a dais.
Musicians called minstrels entertained from the gallery.
A large open fire as well as tapestries on the wall warmed the room.
what did guests eat and how what did they eat it with
Guests ate with knives (no forks) and a form of stale bread called trenchers as plates. They ate beef, pork, pheasant and cakes made from almond paste.
how long did it take to become a knight
15 years
what age do you become a page
Age 7
what do you learn as a page
Age 7. Went to the castle of a lord for the next 7 years. He would learn good manners, how to read and write and serve at tables at banquets.
what age do you become a squire
14
what do you learn as a squire
: Age 14. He would learn to ride horses and use weapons.
at what age do you become a knight
21, If he was suitable, he was made a knight in a ceremony called a dubbing → spent the night before in a vigil of prayer.
On the day of ceremony, he went to confession and had a haircut. He wore a white tunic (purity), a red robe (blood) and a black jacket (death).
what were the guards that watched for enemies called
Guards called sentries watched for enemies from the top of the town walls.
taxes called —- were charged on —-
Taxes called tolls were charged on goods as they passed through the gates.
what were most buildings and houses made out of
Most medieval houses were built of wood (only the church and other important buildings were made of stone).
what happened at sunset
There was a curfew bell at sunset.
what happens when rubbish was thrown on streets
Rubbish was thrown on streets → contamination→ disease.
could you get a takeaway in a large town
In large towns you could get a take-away like hot thrushes and hot sheep’s foot.
craftsmen
did some bakers and or sellers cheat
Some food sellers cheated. Many added sand to their loaves of bread.
how often were markets and fairs held
Markets were held at least once a week. Fairs were held once or twice a year.
where did craftsmen and traders live + professions in medieval towns
Many craftsmen and traders lived in medieval towns: butchers, bakers, carpenters, masons, fullers.
trades were under control of a () who set rules e.g =
Each trade was under the control of a guild, who set down rules for the trade, e.g. Prices were fixed to stop underselling, workshops had to close on Sundays and feast days.
craftsmen did not work for free, they —- yearly for —-
Craftsmen paid a yearly fee to the guild. This money was used to pay for the care of sick colleagues
in order to be a member of a guild, a young man had to…. first for…. years
In order to be a member of a guild, young men had to serve as an apprentice to a master craftsman. This required up to 7 years of training. A master fed and clothed the apprentice in exchange for hard work and obedience.
after the 7 years of training, an apprentice became a …. which meant he could…
After this training an apprentice became a journeyman. This meant he was free to do a day’s work for pay for anyone. They often travelled town to town working for different masters.
to become a master, the journey man had to produce a…
To become a master the journeyman had to produce a masterpiece to show the guild.
if the masterpiece was good enough?
If the other master craftsmen of the town considered the work to be of an excellent standard than the journeyman could open his own shop, an action reserved for masters only.
who made the laws? + who usually enforced the laws?
During the Middle Ages the king and local lords made the laws.
- In most cases the local community or village enforced the law.
what does hue and cry mean?
Hue and cry meant that if a person saw a crime being committed, they could cry out for help from other people, e.g. the parish constable.
what was a watchman?
At night a watchman was paid to patrol the streets, but no one was meant to be out after curfew
two types of trial they used
They also used trial by ordeal and trial by combat.
where were criminals tried
Criminals were tried in local or manor courts.
what did coroners do
Coroners were appointed to investigate suspicious deaths.
minor crimes were punishable by
Minor crimes were usually dealt with by fines, flogging or public humiliation, e.g. the stocks.
major crimes were punishable by
Major crimes such as murder and treason were punished severely, e.g. execution.
women were pushed for
Women were punished for scolds (gossip), sex work and witchcraft.
Medieval villages and the surrounding lands were called?
Medieval villages and the surrounding lands were called manors.
