Science Flashcards
The a&p, chemistry, and data part
Which of the following is used to describe the amount of air in a normal inhalation or exhalation?
A) perfusion
B) Tidal Vol.
C) Residual vol.
Tidal volume
**What action is the ANS engaged in?
A) Lifting weights
B) holding breath
C) walking
D) Digestion
Digestion
**Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood?
A) pulmonary vein
B) pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery
This artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle.
During inhalation, where do you expect to find a higher concentration of oxygen?
the alveolar air space
Where does blood flow next after being oxygenated in the lungs?
pulmonary vein
Blood from lungs is oxygenated; The pulmonary circulation
What is the name of the structure that releases an enzyme that breaks down starch in the mouth?
A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) salivary gland
salivary gland
What type of tissue would you find in the heart?
Cardiac muscles
Contracts involentarily;
When does fertilization happen in the mensuration cycle?
After LH levels peak and begin to decline
The peak before ovulation (the release of mature egg)
Which male hormone is responsible for male secondary sex characteristics?
Testosterone
Which would result from the following decrease in body temperature?
A) blood vessels dilate
B) blood vessels near surface of body constrict
C) cheeks become more flushed
B) Blood vessels near the surface of the body would constrict
Maintains core temperature
Where are melanocytes found in the skin? (which layer?)
Epidermis
Aka. melanin; helps protect cells bellow this layer.
Which is an immediate result of the adrenal gland releasing epinephrine into the blood?
increase in heart rate or muscle growth?
Increase in heart rate
The fight-or-flight response; durring stress
what organ in the body releases insulin and glucagon?
pancreas
which substance contains urea, water, salts, and waste and is released through the urethra?
urine
which of the following is a nonspecific barrier of the immune system?
A) mucus
B) antibodies
C) B-cells
mucus
Can also be found in lungs; prevents pathogens from entering
what disease is caused by a virus that infects T cells?
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Aka. HIV; kills T cells; without T cells = disease easier to catch
Which function is an example of how the skeletal and neuromuscular system work together?
body movement
What is the order of anatomical** subregions in the anterior view of the upper limbs**?
(1 through 5)
- Brachium
- Antecubital
- carpal
- phalanges
1. upper limb; 2.front elbow; 3.wrist; 4. fingers
Which is a carbohydrate?
Glycogen or amylase?
glycogen
What best describes the relationship between a chromosome and a gene?
Each chromosome contains a single gene or each gene contains its own chromosome?
Trick question! Each chromosome contains a specific number of genes
DNA is a foundation of genes, therefore in chromosomes
A purple flower and a white flower was crossed. The allele for purple is dominant; white is recessive.
Of 1000 of-spring were** 498 purple flowers and 502 white flowers. **
Based on these results, what can be concluded about the parent plants?
The purple flowered pea plant is heterozygous.
Purple is dominant, but NOT expressed in ALL 1000 purpleoffsprings
Which cell structure contains cristae?
mitochondria
The internal folded membrane; site of cellular respiration
What is the function of plasma membrane?
maintains cell internal environment
What alleles are possible off-spring outcome for parents with type A blood?
IA and IA,
IA and i,
and i and i
Allele for type A: IA, IA & IA, and i; AA or AO
What microscopes uses something other than light to form a specimen image?
electron
this beams electrons into a specimen
What microscopic organism causes many skin disease and is also a decomposers?
fungi
causes skin disease like ring worm or athletes foot
What subatomic particles make up an atom?
protons and neutrons have about the same mass and can be found in the nucleus
electrons have a smaller mass and not found in atom’s nucleus
A solid substance takes more time to heat the higher the temperature is, what is happening to the substance?
as heat is added, the forces holding the particles together are breaking, changing the state.
causes melting, eventually boils down the substance as gas
Which is an example of an ionic compound?
A) NaCl
B) H2O
NaCl
ionic: metal electron donated to the nonmetal atom (Na=metal)
Given: 3 CaCl2 + 2 Na3PO4 -> Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 Nacl
What units are assumed to represent the coefficient quatinites in the chemical reaction?
A) moles
B) atoms
c) molecules
moles
(aka. 6.022x10^23)
The relationship between substance in the equation
Given: ____ + 3 H2 -> 2 NH3
What will increase the rate of exothermic reaction above?
A) adding catalyst
B) increasing temperature
adding catalyst
Decreases production and increases reaction rate
What is the purpose of control groups in an investigation?
to establish standard for data comparison
For 0.1 mL of a liquid, what is the most appropriate measuring instrument?
A) 50mL beaker
B) a micropipette
C) graduated cylinder
micropipette
starting at 1 microliter
what tool and unit would be used to find the volume of a brick?
A) Ruler and cm cubed
B) Ruler and meter cubed
C) Balance and grams
ruler and cm cubed
What explains the maintenance of a nearly constant average temperature on the surface of the earth?
A) the amount of solar energy absorbed and radiant energy emitted by the earth exists in equilibrium
B) Photosynthesis in plants and other organisms consumes the majority of incoming solar radiation
C) The sun provides a continuous source of radiant energy entering the earth’s system at a constant rate
A) solar energy absorbed and radiant energy emitted
constant temperature requires balance between entry and exit of energy
Microvilli line the ____ _____ and increase the surface area, making it easier to absorb more ____.
small intestines; nutrients
Which hormone produced by the stomach stimulates the secretion of gastric juice?
Gastrin
(produced by G cells in the lining of the stomach and upper smaller intestines. During a meal, gastrin stimulates the stomach to break down proteins swallowed as food and absorbed by nutrients)
Gastrin, produced by G cells in the lining of the stomach and upper smaller intestines. During a meal, gastrin stimulates the stomach to ____ ____proteins swallowed as food and absorbed by nutrients
break down
Pepsinogen is an inactive _____ and is secreted into gastric juice from both mucous cells and chief cells. They are activated by ____ ____ into the active protease pepsin, for the digestion of proteins.
zymogen; stomach acid
Which of the following happens to skin when underlying blood vessels constrict?
goosebumps appear on skin
(blood vessels move deeper to skin surface. A response by the small muscles on their hair follicle when blood vessels constricts)
Which of the following activates hormones of the adrenals when a threat is perceived?
A) the parasympathetic nervous system
B) the voluntary nervous system
C) The sympathetic nervous system
C
(the Sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system. It stimulates adrenaline, which speeds up many systems in the body for fight-or-flight response).
The number of electrons is equal to the number of ____.
Protons
Which is closest to 0 on a number line?
A) -19/12
B) -1.583
C) .16
-1.583
Bob has a bottle of medicine with the directions to take 1.5 tsp every 6 hours as needed. Knowing that there are 4.93 mL in 1 tsp, which of the following is one dose of the medicine to the nearest thousandth of a millimeter?
7.395 mL
A student predicted that CO2 present in the atmosphere air. To prove this, fresh lime water was out into two tests tubes And B. Two corks with holes were fitted in these tubes. In test-tube A, the student exhaled air and in test tube B, the student injected air through a syringe. Which of the following options indicates the correct results of the experiment to support the students prediction?
Hint: Lime carbonate has calcium hydroxide that mixes with CO2 and forms calcium…
Lime water in the test tube A turned milky faster than test tube B.
(As the concentration of CO2 is higher in exhaled air than that is present in the atmospheric air, lime water in test tube A turns milky faster than test tube B).
What is correct pair of transport mechanism and its example?
A) Active Transport mechanism: uptake of minerals through root hairs from soil Passive transport mechanism: O2 absorption by blood from air sacs of lungs
B) Active transport mechanism: O2 absorption by blood from air sacs of lungs. Passive transport mechanism: uptake of minerals through root hairs from soil
A;
The concentration of minerals is higher in soil than in root hair. During transportation, root hair utilizes energy obtained through cellular respiration and absorbs minerals against their concentration gradient, aka. active transport.
The concentration of O2 is higher in the air sacs than in blood. During this transport, the blood absorbs oxygen along its concentration gradient WITHOUT using energy, aka. passive transport.
In Meiosis, the crossing over of genetic material between homologous chromosomes takes place during the ______ 1 stage.
Prophase 1 stage.
(this event causes genetic variation).
Fertilization is a process that uses cells produced through _______ process.
Hint: male and female gametes; sex cells.
Meiosis process
Sexually reproducing organisms use the ______ process to generate haploid gametes.
Meiosis
Which events take place during Meiosis?
1, fertilization
2. crossing over
3. recommendation
4. independent assortment
Crossing over and independent assortment.
A chemical energy requires _____ to occur.
Energy
Aka. Endothermic reactions. They absorb energy; if temperature of surroundings decrease the reaction is endothermic; Ex: photosynthesis and melting of ice.
The chemical bonds formed are weaker than the chemical bonds that were broken.
Monohybrid inheritance depends on the presence of two alleles showing a simple dominant-recessive relationship.
In the case of this inheritance of one gene with two alleles, the F2 generation is analyzed and shows a ratio of 3:1 dominant : recessive phenotypic ratio.
What is the phenotype of the F1 plant?
Dominance-heterozygous.
For F2 generation to have 3:1 dominant: recessive phenotypic ratio, both of the F1 generations must be heterozygous, otherwise there is no way the F2 generation to have a recessive phenotype. Both the F1 must be heterozygous dominant.
A chemical analysis of soil sample requires 1 10g of soil. What tools are appropriate to measure the necessary amount of soil?
A) Watch
B) measuring tape
C)Volumetric pipette
D)Tipple beam balance
Triple bean balance
(measures the accurate mass any substance).
What explains the change observed when wax is heated?
Hint: Don’t leave the ice cream out in the sun
Melting
(solid to liquid)
Which enzymes are involved in DNA replication?
DNA helicase (separate strand into single strand; creates replication fork)
DNA ligase (lagging strand creates “Okazaki fragments”)
Primase (adds nucleotide in 3’ to 5’direction of strand; requires a template strand to add nucleotides)
Topoisomerase (relieves tension ahead of the replication fork, stops over winding of DNA double helix by breaking and reforming phosphate backbone)
What contains a covalent bond between two atoms?
A) 2 electrons
B) 1 electron
C) fused nuclei
D) Cytoplasm
Two electrons.
Lysosomes contain _____ enzymes to rid the cell of waste products.
digestive
______ is the jelly-like substance inside the cell contains different proteins, salts, cell organelles, water, and other components.
Cytoplasm
Which is involved in the chemical digestion of protein?
A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) stomach
stomach.
because it contains enzymes, pepsin which aids in chemical digestion.
Which of the following responses results from the surge of luteinizing hormone?
A) fertilization
B) shedding of endometrium
C) ovulation
D) maturation of the ovarian follicle
C) ovulation.
Which hormone enters a cell and enables them to regulate DNA regularly?
Amino acids, carbohydrate-based hormones, or lipid soluble/ steroid hormones
Lipid-soluble, steroid hormones
Which is an extension of the hypothalamus?
pineal gland
post. pituitary
anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary
(yes, this is an extension, while the anterior pituitary is a gland, not part of it).
Which describes the signals employed by the endocrine system?
Chemical or physical?
Chemical.
Along with the CNS, coordinates and directs the activity of the body’s cells. Chemical messengers called hormones are released into blood to be transported throughout the body.
Which cells are involved in bone reabsorption?
Osteoclast
Canaliculi
Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts.
Clasts = breakdown; these cells solubilize bone with acid secretions and cause minerals to be reabsorbed from bone in response to hormonal signals.
Osteoblasts ______ bone by laying down ______ matrix followed by osteon.
make bone; collagen matrix
While running the treadmill, which sympathetic response will occur?
A) increased blood pressure
B) increased digestive activity
Increased blood pressure
Which of the following options describes the role of phagocytes found in tissues and blood during nonspecific innate response?
They identify, bind, and engulf the pathogens (forming a “phagosome”) through plasma membrane, then fuses to another pouch aka. lysosome.
They are 2nd line of defense and perform phagocytosis.
Sweat glands allow the integumentary system to ___ body temp.
lower body temperature.
Cools down the skin, releasing water and salts, which evaporate through heat.
