Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy/Physiology > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are antigen processing and activate T-cells

A

Dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in what cells

A

bacteria, certain protists and plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oxidative respiration occurs in

A

only aerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes a phospholipid non-polar

A

carbon-hydrogen chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ADH is produced and stored where

A

produced in hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure (vital functions)

A

medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of the pons

A

transport information between cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

midbrain function

A

visual and auditory data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gametogenesis is stimulated by what hormone

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Average length of urethra

A

1-1.5in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

capacity of bladder

A

500-600mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood pH is measured by the gain and loss of

A

hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

collagen formation occurs where in the skin

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is associated with cardiac arrhythmia

A

potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

glottis vs epiglottis

A

glottis is part of larynx and produces sound. epiglottis is flap and prevents from from entering larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does heart beat originate from

A

SA node (pacemaker)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the result of meiosis

A

sperm and ova

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ileum absorption includes

A

vitamins, bile salts, iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of liver

A

lipid metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

antibody of allergen

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is found in mucous lining

A

IgA, protects against ingested and inhaled pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of immunity is provided by neutrophils

A

innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parts of stomach in order

A

fundus, cardiac, body, pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

descriptive study

A

looks at and analyzes a population’s characteristics or compares aspects across multiple populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Empirical data

A

data obtained based on observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What secretes LH and FSH

A

anterior part of pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What stimulates sex hormone production in both males and females

A

LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Polygenic Inheritance

A

more than one gene contribute to a trait (height, skin color, eye color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Codominance

A

Both alleles expressed in heterozygous not just the dominant trait (blood type, cows with spots)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Gene linkage

A

2 genes near each other on chromosome are usually inherited together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

law of dominance and uniformity

A

when two different alleles are present in a pair the dominant one will be expressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

law of segregation

A

an organism receives half of its total number of alleles from each parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

law of independent assortment

A

traits are passed on randomly and are not influenced by other traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

chemiosmosis

A

synthesis of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

bacterial growth phases

A

lag, log, stationary, death phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ectoparasite vs helminth parasites

A

ectoparasites live outside host helminth parasites live inside the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

senescene

A

biological aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

incomplete dominance

A

when both the dominant and recessive genes are expressed resulting in a mixture of the two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

locus

A

location of a gene or alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Electrolysis

A

reaction driven by electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What keeps the temperature in an organism

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What state of matter is compressible

A

gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What hormone is secreted by early embryo following implantation in uterus

A

human chorionic gonadtropin (hCG) which stimulates estrogen and progesterone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Gonadtropin releasing hormone (gnRH) stimulates production of

A

FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Hormones in posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin and ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

2 functions of somatostatin or growth hormone IH and where produced

A

produced in hypothalamus and in the pancreas it inhibits growth hormone production in pituitary and inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Hormones in adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine (flight or flight response) increase heart rate and raise blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Where is aldosterone released and function

A

adrenal cortex and when BP is low this is produced it increases retention of Na and excretion of K+, targets kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

function of renin

A

Renin is an enzyme secreted by kidneys when BP is low and interacts with angiotensinogen producing g angiotensin I

50
Q

Angiotensin II

A

this kidney hormone raises BP by promoting vasoconstriction and stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

51
Q

Hormones secreted by kidney

A

erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, renin and calcitriol

52
Q

Calcitriol vs Calcitonin

A

calcitriol is produced in kidneys and increases calcium reabsorption while calcitonin is produced in thyroid and lowers blood calcium

53
Q

Where are prolactin and oxytocin produced

A

oxytocin-hypothalamus prolactin- anterior pituitary gland

54
Q

Where are blood cells produced

A

red bone marrow

55
Q

Where do lymphocytes and other WBCs proliferate

A

lymph nodes

56
Q

Adaptive immune system cells

A

T-cells, B-cells, Plasma cells

57
Q

Innate immune system cells

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells

58
Q

cytotoxic t-cells

A

specialized to kill infected or abnormal cells

59
Q

memory t-cells

A

respond to subsequent infections

60
Q

helper t-cells

A

secrete cytokines that stimulate division b cells and T cells while alerting other types of WBCs

61
Q

regulatory (suppressor) T cells

A

inhibit t and B cells to stop the immune response

62
Q

what cells produce antibodies

A

plasma cells and memory B cells (only during subsequent infection)

63
Q

neutrophils vs eosinophils

A

Neutrophils make up most of wbc count in blood first to arrive at site of infection and chase pathogens using chemotaxis. Eosinophils regulate inflammatory responses and release chemical that kill foreign invaders usually parasitic worms.

64
Q

What cells release histamine and promote inflammation and heparin to inhibit clotting

A

basophils(circulate in blood before entering tissues) and mast cells (in connective tissues)

65
Q

natural killer cells

A

NOT phagocytes: destroy cells that have been infected with a pathogen by binding to them and releasing granzymes that trigger apoptosis

66
Q

How are salts made

A

they are a product of a neutralization reaction. Made from a cation of base and an anion from an acid

67
Q

Where is secretin produced and function

A

Produced in small intestine (duodenum) and it targets the pancreas and liver stimulates release of bicarbonate fluid neutralizing stomach acid

68
Q

Gastrin production/function

A

produced in stomach stimulates release of HCl and gastric juices

69
Q

CCK production/function

A

Produced in small intestine (duodenum) and it targets the pancreas and liver stimulates release of digestive enzymes and bile

70
Q

In oxidation reaction oxidizing agent (loses/gains) electrons while reducing agent (loses gains) electrons

A

gains, loses

71
Q

Do acids and bases donate or accept protons

A

acid donates, base receives

72
Q

What happens when an acid reacts with zinc

A

hydrogen gas

73
Q

proprioreceptors

A

body position

74
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

produce gastrin needed to release gastric juices and empty stomach

75
Q

Slow-twitch muscles take/remove o2 from blood for blank

A

take for ATP production

76
Q

functions of spleen

A

degrades aged RBCs and filters blood, houses abc and platelets

77
Q

elements in columns vs row

A

column-have similar chemical properties
rows-similar electron valence configurations

78
Q

Chief cells

A

release pepsinogen and gastric lipase

79
Q

Parietal

A

release intrinsic factor for b12 absorption and HCl to lower gastric juice pH

80
Q

G cells

A

release gastrin into blood

81
Q

Mucous cells

A

release bicarbonate

82
Q

Properties of water

A

high cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, and density upon melting, low freezing/melting point

83
Q

decibel scale

A

measures sound waves

84
Q

combination of alleles when expressed

A

phenotype

85
Q

blood pH is affected by

A

CO2 exhalation lowering H+ ions increase pH (occurs in hyperventilation)

86
Q

nephron secretion ammonia NH3

A

traps H+ ions and converts them to ammonium ions NH4

87
Q

DNA and RNA are read

A

DNA: 3’-5’ RNA: 5’-3’

88
Q

Nitrogenous pairs

A

UA, GC, AT

89
Q

What hormone rises during luteal phase

A

progesterone to maintain uterine lining

90
Q

Sperm and ova are viable for how much time in female reproductive system

A

5 days for sperm 12 hours for ovum released from ovary

91
Q

Visual processing begins in

A

retina and ends in optic nerve

92
Q

ionization energy

A

energy need to remove valence electron

93
Q

Renal pelvis acts as funnel by

A

delivering urine from collecting tubules to ureters

94
Q

germ cell vs gamete

A

germ cell- 46 chromosomes gamete-23 chromosomes

95
Q

Formula for stock solution

A

Vs= Md(Vd)/Ms

96
Q

germline mutation vs somatic mutation

A

germline are inherited while somatic only affect individual

97
Q

The genotype will always show an organisms

A

recessive alleles

98
Q

humeral immunity

A

mediated by antibodies produced from B cells

99
Q

Types of proteins

A

fibrous or structural(keratin, elastin, collagen), membrane, and globular (enzymes, hemoglobin, and insulin)

100
Q

Outer layer of Uterus

A

Serosa or perimetric

101
Q

Where is melanin produced

A

Iris, skin, hair. NOT nails

102
Q

Correlation CANNOT show

A

cause and effect relationship

103
Q

What converts ammonia to urea

A

liver

104
Q

Primary protein structure

A

sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain

105
Q

Secondary protein structure

A

local folded structures that form within a polypeptide due to interactions between atoms of the backbone

106
Q

Tertiary protein structure

A

three-dimensional folding structure of a polypeptide due to side chain reactions

107
Q

Quaternary protein structure

A

consist of more than one amino acid chain

108
Q

Another name for uterine lining

A

endometrium

109
Q

Bonds formed between sugars

A

glycosidic bonds (covalent bond)

110
Q

Cytokines

A

small proteins, messengers of immune system

111
Q

Chemokines

A

type of cytokines that assist in movement of leukocytes

112
Q

Property of weak acids regarding proton donation

A

does not donate all its protons

113
Q

what is released when stomach is empty

A

grehlin

114
Q

start codon

A

AUG

115
Q

Stop codons

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

116
Q

Center of aggression produces feeling of anger, violence, and fear

A

Amygdala

117
Q

Genes code for….

A

proteins

118
Q

codons code for…

A

amino acids

119
Q

basophils main function

A

blood clotting and engulf and consume antigens

120
Q

neutrophils function

A

engulf pathogens

121
Q

B cells can differentiate into

A

plasma cells

122
Q
A

Anatomy/Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions