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Science 10 > Science 10 Vocab Master List > Flashcards

Science 10 Vocab Master List Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biomagnification

A

The process in which chemicals not only accumulate but become more concentrated at each trophic level of the food pyramid

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2
Q

Key stone species

A

Species (salmon) that can greatly affect population numbers and the health of an ecosystem

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3
Q

Heavy metals

A

Metallic element with a high density that are toxic to organisms at low concentration

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4
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

The gradual build up of synthetic and organic chemicals chemicals in living organisms

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5
Q

Ecological succession

A

Changes that take place over time in types of organisms that live in a area.

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6
Q

Pioneer species

A

The first organisms to populate, or repopulate an area after a disturbance in the ecosystem

Ex. Lichen, moss, bacteria, or algae

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7
Q

Primary succession

A

The development of new life in areas where no organisms or soil previously existed. The first organism are usually lichen and bacteria delivered by bird poop!

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8
Q

Secondary succession

A

The REINTRODUCTION of life after a disturbance to an area that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms.

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9
Q

Climate community

A

A mature community /ecosystem/biome such as boreal or grass lands that change slowly though constant over time

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10
Q

Natural selection

A

The process by which, over time the best adapted members of a species survive and reproduce. This process makes gradual change in species possible.

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11
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

The development of a number of new species from a common ancestor. The new species are adapted to inhabit different niches.

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12
Q

Flooding

A

Soil erosion, pollution, disease from toxic bacteria or untreated sewage.

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13
Q

Drought

A

Plants and animals die due to lack of water

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14
Q

Tsunamis

A

Huge rapidly moving ocean waves destroys habitats and salt water is carried onto the shore which change soil chemistry

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15
Q

Hurricane

A

Destroys large plants and disrupt animal habitats

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16
Q

Forest fire

A

Destroy vegetation and habitats returns nutrients to the soil

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17
Q

Volcanoes

A

Ash clouds can affect sun light and destroy all organic matter it comes in contact with. Toxic ash can affect ecosystem.

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18
Q

Insect infestation

A

Often results in succession in forest because insects destroy older trees.

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19
Q

Invasive species

A

Introduced or foreign species that are natural to an ecosystem. They often dont have predators

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20
Q

Compotion

A

Invasive species can often reproduce rapidly often aggressive lack natural predators

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21
Q

Predation

A

If you introduce a new predator, prey species do not have the adaptations to defend against it

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22
Q

Disease and parasites

A

Parasites or diseases causing viruses and bacteria can weaken immune system of native plants and animals

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23
Q

Habitat alteration

A

Introduced invasive species can make a natural habitat unsuitable for native species by changing his structure or composition

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24
Q

Traditional ecological knowledge

A

Ecological information passed down from generation to generation that reflects human experiences with native gained over centuries

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25
Q

Proton

A

Subatmoic particals that have a 1+ positive charge

26
Q

Neutrons

A

Subatomic particles that do not have a electric charge

27
Q

Electrons

A

Subatomic particles that have a 1- electric charge

28
Q

Period

A

Each row of elements in the periodic table

29
Q

Ions

A

Electrically charged particles created when atoms gain or lose electrons

30
Q

Bohrs diagram

A

A diagram that shows the arrangement of an elements subatomic particles and the number of electrons in each shell surrounding the nucleus of an atom

31
Q

Stable octet

A

The arrangement of eight electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

32
Q

Niche

A

The special role an organism plays in an ecosystem, including the way in which contributes to and fits into its environment

33
Q

Mimicry

A

When an organism copies another in attempts to gain benefits

34
Q

Soil compaction

A

The squeezing together of soil particles so that the air spaces between them are reduced

35
Q

Biomass

A

The total mass of living plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria in a given area

36
Q

Carbon cycle

A

The nutrient cycle in which carbon is moved throuh the biosphere

37
Q

Carbonate

A

A combination ion of carbon and oxygen that is dissolved in ocean water

38
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process in which both plants and animals released carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere

39
Q

Soil degradation

A

The damage to soil. For example it is the result of deforestation when topsoil is removed

40
Q

Contamination

A

The introduction of chemicals, toxins, wastes, or micro organism into the environment that are harmful to the ecosystem

43
Q

Biodegration

A

The breaking down of dead organisms by living organisms such as bacteria

44
Q

Consumer

A

An organism that eats other organisms

47
Q

Decomposer

A

Organisms that break down waste and dead organisms

49
Q

Land use

A

The way humans use land (agriculture industry, mining, forestry, urbanization)

49
Q

Resources

A

The way we use natural resources

49
Q

Exploitation

A

The way we extract natural resources and use them to our advantage

49
Q

Overexploitation

A

The use or extraction of resources until it is used up completely or used in a very damaging way

49
Q

Sustainability

A

The ability of an ecosystem to sustain ecological process and mountain biodiversity overtime. It means using natural resources in a way that maintains an ecosystem health now and for future generations.

49
Q

Habitat loss

A

When habitats gets destroyed by human activity

Exmp. Building cities or big farms

49
Q

Soil compaction

A

The squeezing together of soil particles so that the air spaces between them are reduced

49
Q

Overexploitation

A

The use or extraction of a resource until it is depleted

51
Q

Decomposition

A

Breaking down organic wastes and dead organism

52
Q

Detrivores

A

Consumers that feed at every tropic level. Obtaining their energy of off dead organic matter

53
Q

Energy flow

A

The flow of energy from an ecosystem to an organism and from one organism to another.

54
Q

Food chain

A

A model that shows the flow of energy from plant to animal and from animal to animal

55
Q

Food pyramid

A

A model that that shows the loss of energy from one tropic level to another.

56
Q

Food web

A

A model of the feeling relationship within an ecosystem

57
Q

Omnivores

A

Consumer that eat both plants and animals

58
Q

Primary consumer

A

Organism in the second tropic level examples are grasshoppers zooplankton.

59
Q

Habitat fragmentation

A

The division of habitat into small isolated pieces

Science 10 (8 decks)

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