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Grade 11 First Sem FINALS > SCI 01 Water Resources > Flashcards

SCI 01 Water Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Hydrosphere Composition?
How much does it take of the different subsystems

A

–71%

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2
Q

–Constituents of minerals
-Sphere

A

Geosphere

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3
Q

–Water Vapor
-Sphere

A

Atmosphere

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4
Q

–Fundamental components of living organisms
-Sphere

A

Biosphere

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5
Q

-Places where water resides for varying amount of time

A

Reservoirs

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6
Q

-Processes that allow water to move between each reservoirs and subsystems

A

Pathways

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7
Q

How much of these sum up to waterbodies
(Body of Water) Evaporation –
(Plants) Transpiration –
(Ice) Sublimation –

A

(Body of Water) Evaporation – 80%
(Plants) Transpiration – 10%
(Ice) Sublimation – 10%

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8
Q

-Flow of water from aboveground into the subsurface

A

Infiltration

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9
Q

Distribution of Earth’s Water?
Oceans –
Glaciers and Permafrost –
Groundwater –
Surface Water –

A

Oceans – 97.5%
Glaciers and Permafrost – 1.74%
Groundwater – 0.75%
Surface Water – 0.01%

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10
Q

How long until evaporating?
Oceans and Ice Sheets –
Groundwater –
Streams and Rivers –
Atmosphere –
Organisms –

A

Oceans and Ice Sheets – Thousands of Years
Groundwater – Tens-hundreds of Years
Streams and Rivers – Few Weeks
Atmosphere – Few Days
Organisms – Few Hours

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11
Q

-Kind of water that comprises of
-Ocean

A

Saltwater

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12
Q

-Kind of water that comprises of
-Glaciers and Icesheets
-Permafrost

A

Freshwater

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13
Q

-Kind of water that comprises of
-Streams, Tributaries, Watershed Lakes, Pods
-Wetlands: Marsh, Swamp, Estuary
-Floods: Flashfloods, Costal, Fluvial, Pluvial Groundwater
-Aquifiers, Artesian Well Springs

A

Surface Waters

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14
Q

-Temperature profile of the ocean
-Temperature decreases with depth

A

Thermocline

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15
Q

-Because the Earth rotates on its axis,
-Circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere
-and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

A

Surface Ocean Currents: Wind/Coriolis Effect

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16
Q

-Is a band of clouds that encircles the Earth near the equator.
-It’s formed when the northeast trade winds from the Northern Hemisphere and the southeast trade winds from the Southern Hemisphere meet.

A

Intertropical Convergence Zone

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17
Q

Component of general oceanic circulation controlled by horizontal differences in temperature and salinity.

A

Density/Thermohaline Circulation

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18
Q

What composes the changes found in oceans

A

Density, Temperature, Salinity

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19
Q

-Permanent body of ice from recrystallization of snow

A

Glaciers

20
Q

-Glacial land ice extending up to 50,000km2

A

Ice Sheets

21
Q

-A soil, or rock that is frozen for more than two consecutive years

A

Permafrost

22
Q

-Moving body of surface water that flows downslope toward sea level due to gravity

A

Stream

23
Q

-Clearly defined passageway where particles and dissolved substances are transported
-Leads to ocean

A

Channel

24
Q

-Stream with a considerable volume and well-defined channel

A

River

25
Q

-Smaller streams flowing into large river or lake

A

Tributaries

26
Q

-Streams that lose water downstream and dry up
-Water flows underground and contributes to groundwater

A

Influent (Losing)

27
Q

-Streams that are fed by the groundwater

A

Effluent (Gaining)

28
Q

-Land area in which the water flow into a particular stream

A

Drainage Basin/Watershed

29
Q

-Line that separates individual drainage basin

A

Drainage Divide

30
Q

-Structure built across a stream or river to hold water back

A

Dams

31
Q

-Land areas where water covers the surface for significant periods
-Two kinds: Marsh and Swamp

A

Wetlands

32
Q

-A shallow wetland around lakes, streams and oceans where grasses and reeds are dominant vegetation

A

Marsh

33
Q

-A wetland with lush trees and vegetation
-Found in low-lying areas beside slow-moving rivers
-Oxygen in water is low

A

Swamp

34
Q

-A partly enclosed coastal body of water
-Where freshwater from stream meets the saltwater from the sea

A

Estuaries/Estuary

35
Q

-A natural event wherein an area that is usually dry is submerged under water

A

Floods

36
Q

-A rapid thaw or heavy rains cause rivers to inundate their floodplains, often affecting large areas

A

Fluvial/Riverine Flood

37
Q

-Intense rainfall makes water rise quickly and flow at a high speed for a short amount of time
-Often carrying away heavy objects

A

Flashfloods

38
Q

-Severe storms, strong winds and high tides cause large waves that break down defences and flood coastal areas

A

Coastal (Tidal) Floods

39
Q

-Periods of heavy rain overwhelm drainage systems and concreted surfaces
-Preventing water from draining away

A

Surface (Pluvial) Water Flood

40
Q

-The rate of water movement through interconnected pores within soil or rock

A

Permeable

41
Q

-Is the percent of open spaces or voids within a volume of soil or rock

A

Porous/Porosity

42
Q

-An underground boundary between the soil surface and the area
-Where groundwater saturates spaces between sediments and cracks in rock
-Water pressure and atmospheric pressure are equal at this boundary

A

Water Table

43
Q

-The area of an unconfined aquifer above the water table
-Where the pore spaces among soil particles and rock formations are filled with air

A

Zone of Aeration

44
Q

-Is the portion of underground soil where all gaps are completely filled with water.

A

Zone of Saturation

45
Q

-Is the place where water is able to seep into the ground and refill an aquifer because no confining layer is present

A

Recharge Area/Zone

46
Q

-An area in which subsurface water, including water in the unsaturated and saturated zones,
-Is discharged at the land surface

A

Discharge Area/Zone

Grade 11 First Sem FINALS (4 decks)

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