SCI 01 Energy Resources Flashcards
-A nonrenewable energy source derived from remains of prehistoric plants and animals
-Died millions of years ago
-Buried under the right conditions to form fossils
FOSSIL FUELS
-A black combustible rock made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
-They are formed from the remains of plants that once grew in swamps and adjacent forests m.y.a.
-Continuous burial and compaction transforms decaying vegetation into PEAT. (<25% Carbon; buried 4-10km deep)
-Coal
-Is a soft, dark-brown, low-rank coal with 35% Carbon
-Lignite
-At higher temperatures, lignite becomes this type of coal with 70% Carbon.
-Bituminous Coal
- When temperature continues to rise, the bituminous coal is transformed into shiny, black, high-rank
-With 95% Carbon.
The amount of energy released when coal is burned is directly proportional to the amount of carbon within the coal.
-Anthracite Coal
-It is a naturally occurring liquid composed of complex hydrocarbons and is found in geological formations underneath Earth’s surface.
PETORLEUM and NATURAL GAS
-Derived from large quantities of microscopic aquatic organisms such as algae and planktons.
-These remains settled at the bottom, buried beneath fine sediments and with anoxic conditions.
-Kerogen
-The process of converting kerogens to hydrocarbons
-Catagenisis
-Petroleum forms within a specific depth, pressure and temperature range.
-Below this temp, range (50-150℃), kerogen is NOT transformed into hydrocarbons.
> Oil Window
-Beyond the oil window, oil is converted into a natural gas in a process
-Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mostly made up of methane.
-It is lighter than air and is highly flammable.
-Thermal Cracking
-A nonrenewable energy source derived from the heat energy created from both nuclear fission and fusion
NUCLEAR ENERGY
-The splitting of atoms
-The creates energy
Fission
-Two atoms to form a larger one
Fusion
-A renewable energy source utilizing the Earth’s internal heat
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
-Is Earth’s energy contribution.
Heat
-During its formation
-Contribution to Earth’s energy
Planetary accretion
-Heavy materials sinking to the core
-Contribution to Earth’s energy
Frictional heating
-Natural nuclear fission
-Contribution to Earth’s energy
Radioactive decay
-A renewable energy source
-It is the power generated by the energy from falling water or fast running water
HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
-A renewable energy source
-Wind is the movement of the air caused by the differences in atmospheric pressure
WIND ENERGY
-A renewable energy source from the sun
-The amount of solar energy Earth receives in every hour
-Is more than enough energy to satisfy global energy needs for a year
-Uses PHOTONS
SOLAR ENERGY
-Is considered as the oldest source of energy
-Is defined as biological material derived from living or recently deceased organisms
-Which may include both plant life, including fuel, wood, animal dung, and agricultural wastes
BIOMASS ENERGY
-From sugars and starches
-BIOETHANOL
-Vegetable oils and animal fats
-BIODIESEL
