Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Movement > Schoulder Complex Biomechanics > Flashcards

Schoulder Complex Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sub-motions of angular joint movement ?

A
  • roll : multiple points on a rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface
  • slide : a single point on an articular surface contacts multiple points on the other articular surface
  • spin : a single point on an articular surface contacts a single point on another articular surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define the CONVEX/CONCAVE motion rule

A

In joints with fixed concave and moving convex surfaces (ex: glenohumeral joint, radiocarpal joint) the roll and the glide happen in opposite directions.
In joints with fixed convex and moving concave surfaces (ex : humeroradial joint, humeroulnar joint, MCP, IP joints) the roll and the glide happen in the same directions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define agonist muscle

A

The agonist muscle is responsible for the movement, regardless of the contraction type.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define antagonist muscle

A

The muscle which is relaxed during the movement and responsible for the opposite action of the agonist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define synergists muscle

A

Muscle which cooperate during the execution of a particular movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define the scapular plane

A

It is 30° anterior to the frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the static stabilizers of shoulder

A
  • Coracohumeral ligament
  • Glenohumeral ligament :
    • inferior
    • intermedius
    • superior
  • articular capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder

A

The rotator cuff muscles :

  • subscapularis
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder ?

A

The stabilization of humeral head, the prevention of anterior translation and contracting the deltoid action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name and define the basic motions of scapula

A
  • elevation : superior (upward) movement of the scapula
  • depression : inferior (downward) movement of the scapula, return from elevation (passive)
  • protraction : lateral slide of the scapula around the chest wall
  • retraction : medial slide of the scapula around the chest wall
  • upward and downward rotations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the agonists of scapula elevation

A

1) upper trapezius
Origin : external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C-7 to T-12
Insertion : lateral one third of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the synergists of scapula elevation

A

1) rhomboid major
Origin : spinous process T2 to T5
Insertion : medial border of the scapula, between the spine of the scapula and the inferior angle

2) rhomboid minor
Origin : C7 to T1
Insertion : medial border of the scapula across the spine of the scapula

3) levatore scapula
Origin : transverse process of first through 4th cervical vertebrae
Insertion : medial border of scapula between the spine of the scapula and the upper angle of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the agonists for scapula depression

A

1) lower trapezius
Origin : spinous processes from C7 to T12
Insertion : spine of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the synergists of scapula depression

A

1) serratus anterior with origin fixed
Origin : external surface of upper eight to nine ribs
Insertion : anterior surface of medial border of scapula

2) pectoralis minor
Origin : ribs 3 to 5
Insertion : coracoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the agonists of scapula protraction

A

1) serratus anterior
Origin : external surface of first eight to nine ribs
Insertion : anterior surface of medial border of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the synergists of shoulder protraction

A

1) pectoralis minor
Origin : 3rd to 5th ribs
Insertion : coracoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the agonists for scapula retraction

A

1) middle trapezius
Origin : medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae
Insertion : acromion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name the synergists for scapular retraction

A

1) rhomboid major
Origin : spinous processes T2 to T5
Insertion : medial border of the scapula from the spine to inferior angle of the scapula

2) rhomboid minor
Origin : spinous process C7 to T1
Insertion : medial border of the scapula from upper angle to spine of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the agonists for upward rotation of the scapula

A

1) upper trapezius

2) lower trapezius

20
Q

Name the synergists for scapula upward rotation

A

1) serratus anterior

21
Q

Name the agonists for scapula downward rotation

A

1) rhomboid major

2) rhomboid minor

22
Q

Name the synergists for scapula downward rotation

A

1) levatore scapula

2) pectoralis minor

23
Q

What are the basic movements of the glenohumeral joint ?

A
  • flexion / extension
  • abduction / adduction
  • horizontal abduction / adduction
  • internal / external rotation
  • internal / external rotation at 90°
24
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of glenohumeral abduction

A
  • convex humeral head rolls superiorly on concave glenohumeral fossa so the glide is inferior
25
Q

Which structure stabilize the humerus during abduction

A

The articular capsule tension

26
Q

What is the general principle of shoulder arthrokinematics ?

A

There is a ratio of 2:1 between shoulder elevation and scapula upward rotation

27
Q

Describe the scapula humeral rhythm

A

Phase 1 : 30° total elevation
Humerus abduction 0° to 30°
Clavicle elevation 0° to 5°
Scapula minimal medial movement

Phase 2 : 90° total elevation
Humerus abduction from 40° up to 90°
Clavicle elevation 15° elevation
Scapula 20° lateral rotation

Phase 3 : from 90° to 180° total elevation
Humerus 60° abduction + 90° lateral rotation
Clavicle 30° to 50° posterior rotation + 15° elevation
Scapula 30° to 40° lateral rotation

28
Q

Consider the clavicle in the scapular rhythm, what permits the 60° of scapula upward rotation ?

A
  • elevation and retraction of the sternoclavicular joint
  • upward rotation of acromioclavicular joint
  • posterior rotation of the clavicle
29
Q

What happens to scapula during shoulder abduction ?

A
  • posterior tilt (sagittal plane)

- external rotation (horizontal plane)

30
Q

Why are posterior tilt and external rotation of the scapula helpful for during shoulder abduction

A

Keep a safe distance between the humeral head and the acromion

31
Q

What happens to humerus during shoulder abduction ?

A

Humerus externally rotates. This allows the greater tubercle of the humerus to move posterior to the acromion and therefore increases the subacromial space

32
Q

Which structures provide a dynamic centralization of the humeral head ?

A
  • Subscapularis tendon
  • infraspinatus tendon
  • capsule tension
33
Q

During shoulder abduction, what are the muscles implied in the scapulothoracic movement and how ?

A
  • serratus anterior
  • upper trapezius
  • lower trapezius
    They rotate the scapula upwards
  • serratus anterior
  • lower trapezius
    They create the posterior tilt of the scapula and maintain it against the thorax
34
Q

During shoulder adduction, what are the muscles implied into the scapulo thoracic movement and how ?

A
  • rhomboid major
  • rhomboid minor
  • levatore scapulae
  • pectoralis minor

Work together during shoulder adduction

35
Q

Which muscle is the glenohumeral joint prime mover ?

A

Middle Deltoid

36
Q

Which muscle is the main synergists in glenohumeral abduction ?

A

The supraspinatus

37
Q

Name the agonists for shoulder external rotation

A

1) Posterior fibers of the deltoid
Origin : spine of scapula
Insertion : deltoid tuberosity

38
Q

Name the synergists of shoulder external rotation

A
  • infraspinatus
    Origin : infraspinous fossa of scapula
    Insertion : greater tubercle of humerus
  • teres minor
    Origin : upper 2/3rd of lateral border of scapula
    Insertion : greater tubercle of humerus
39
Q

Name the agonists for shoulder internal rotation

A
  • Anterior fibers of Deltoid
    Origin : lateral third of clavicle
    Insertion : deltoid tuberosity
40
Q

Name the synergists for shoulder internal rotation

A

1) latissimus dorsi
Origin : inferior angle of scapula, spinous processes of last six vertebras, last three or four ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior illiac crest
Insertion : intertubercular groove of humerus

2) teres major
Origin : inferior angle and lateral 1/3rd of scapula
Insertion : crest of the lesser tubercule of humerus

3) subscapularis
Origin : subscapular fossa
Insertion : lesser tubercle of the humerus

4) pectoralis major
Origin : medial half of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of six first ribs
Insertion crest of greater tubercle of the humerus

41
Q

Name the agonists of shoulder flexion

A

1) Deltoid anterior fibers
Origin : medial third of clavicle
Insertion : deltoid tuberosity

42
Q

Name the synergists of shoulder flexion

A

1) upper fibers of pectoralis major
2) biceps brachii
Origin : coracoid process (short head), supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head)
Insertion : tuberosity of the radius and aponeurosis of the biceps brachii

3) coraco brachialis
Origin : coracoid process
Insertion : medial surface of mid-humeral shaft

43
Q

Name the agonist for shoulder extension

A

1) deltoid posterior fibers

44
Q

Name the synergists of shoulder extension

A

1) latissimus dorsi
2) teres major
3) pectoralis major
4) triceps brachii
Origin : infraglenoid tubercule of the scapula (long head), posterior surface of proximal half of humerus (lateral head), posterior surface of distal half of humerus (medial head)
Insertion : olicrenon process of the ulna

45
Q

Name the agonists for shoulder horizontal adduction

A

Deltoid anterior fibers

Pectoralis major upper fibers

46
Q

Name the agonists of shoulder horizontal abduction

A

Deltoid posterior fibers

47
Q

What are the ROM of the shoulder ?

A 
Shoulder flexion : 180°
Shoulder extension : 45°
Shoulder abduction : 180°
Shoulder adduction : 0°
Shoulder external rotation at 90° : 90°
Shoulder internal rotation at 90° : 70°

Human Movement (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions