Schools of Psychology

Question 1

Structuralism

Answer 1

first school of psychology, breaking down mental processes into the most basic components

Wundt and Titchener

reducing mental processes down into their most basic elements

introspection

Question 2

Functionalism

Answer 2

James and Dewey and Carr

interested in the role mental processes play not the processes themselves

Question 3

Behaviorism

Answer 3

1950s Watson, Pavlov, Skinner

All behavior can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal forces

Observable behavior

classical and operant conditioning

Question 4

Psychoanalysis

Answer 4

Freud

influence of the unconscious mind on behavior

id, ego, superego

Freud, Anna Freud, Carl Jung, Erik Erikson

Question 5

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 5

focused on the individual’s free will, personal growth and concept of self-actualization

emphaisis on helping people achieve and fulfill their potential

Maslow, Rogers

positive psychology

Question 6

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 6

based upon the idea that we experience things as unified wholes, must look at the whole of experience, whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 7

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 7

mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn

Jean Piaget