Neurotransmitters & Drugs

Question 1

Acetylocholine

Answer 1

found in both central and peripheral nervous systems, used to transmit nerve impulses to the muscles, linked to Alzheimers (loss of this neurotransmitter in the hippocampus)

Question 2

Catecholamines

Answer 2

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, also called monoamines or biogenic amines, experience of emotions

Question 3

Norepinephrine

Answer 3

catecholamine, also known as noradrenaline, controls alertness and wakefulness, implicated in depression and mania, too much is mania, too little is depression

Question 4

Dopamine

Answer 4

catecholamine, movement and posture, high concentrations found in basal ganglia, imbalance in transmission have been found in schizophrenia, amphetamines produce excessive amoutnts, phenothiazines reduces sensitivity of these receptors

Question 5

Phenothiazines

Answer 5

resduce sensitivity of dopamine receptors

Question 6

Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 6

disruptions in dopamine transmission lead to jerky movements associated with Parkinson’s side effects of long-term antipsychotic medication for schizophrena

Question 7

L-dopa

Answer 7

treatment for motor disturbances in Parkinson’s increases dopamine levels, can produce psychotic symtoms

Question 8

Serotonin

Answer 8

monoamine or biogenicamine transmitter, regulates mood, eating, sleeping and arousal, role in depression and mania

Question 9

Monoamine Theory of Depression

Answer 9

grouping together of serotonin and norepinephrine effects on mania and depression

Question 10

GABA

Answer 10

produces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and is thought to play na important role in stabilizing neural activity, causes hyperpolarization in the postsynapatic membrane, anxiety disorders

Question 11

Peptimes

Answer 11

two or more aminoacides joined together, ex. endorphins and enkephalins

Question 12

Nueromodulators/Neuropeptides

Answer 12

longer effects on postsynaptic cell than neurotransmitters

Question 13

Synergistic

Answer 13

additive in effect

Question 14

Barbituates

Answer 14

relatively potent tranquilizers

Question 15

benzodiazepines

Answer 15

tranquilizers used for anxiety

Question 16

Amphetamines

Answer 16

behavioral stimulants that speed up the central nervous system in ways that mimic the action of sympathetic nervous system, stimulate receptors for dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

Question 17

Antidepressants

Answer 17

behavioral stimulants, tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO)

Question 18

trycyciclic antidepressants

Answer 18

facilitate transmission of norepinephrine or serotonin in the synapse, block reuptake of monoamines

Question 19

MAO inhibitors

Answer 19

inhibit the action of MAO enzyme which normally breaks down and deactivates norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse

Question 20

Methylphenidate

Answer 20

ritalin, treat children with ADD, increases alertness and decreases motor activity, amphetamine

Question 21

Thorazine, Chlorpromazine, Phenothiazine, Haloperidol (Haldol)

Answer 21

antipsychotic drugs for delusional thinking, halluciantions, agitation, commonly associated with schizophrenia, block receptor sites for dopamine, difficult for dopamine to bind

Question 22

Lithium Carbonate

Answer 22

prescribed for bipolar, prevents mood swings

Question 23

Opium, Heroin, Morphine

Answer 23

narcotics, pain relievers, bind directly to opiate receptors in the brain, mimic endorphines or naturally occuring painkillers