Schools of Criminology Flashcards
What was the Classical School about?
A) humans are motivated by free will, reason, self-interest, and desire to gain pleasure and avoid pain
B) People made decisions based on free will and calculation.
What was the positivistic school based on?
Determinism
What did the positivistic school engage in?
Empirical research
What were Bentham’s ideas about, in terms of the Classical School?
Adopted Beccaria’s ideas.
- Created 13 rules for punishment in relation to the offence
- Created a Math formula for effective punishment (Hedonistic Calculus)
What causes were the positivistic school mainly interested in?
Social and biological causes
What did the whig interpretation suggest?
Everything gets better over time
What did Marx focus on?
Class conflict and economic relationships
What does the economic base of society affect?
The type of crime committed
How did Beccaria influence the Classical School?
- Argued for the removal of the death penalty
- Punishment should fit the crime
- People should not be punished more than necessary
What was Beccaria’s fundamental principle?
Deterrence
- Punishment measured in terms of harm done to society, relating to prevention.
What were Bentham’s ideas about, in terms of the Classical School?
Adopted Beccaria’s ideas.
- Created 13 rules for punishment in relation to the offence
- Created a Math formula for effective punishment (Hedonistic Calculus)
What theory did Durheim come up with?
The Anomie theory
What is the Anomie theory?
The disruption of value/support systems in the 19th century
What did Elias theorise?
‘The civilising process’ which connected violence to theft.
What dd Foucault theorise?
- Came up with the prison
- Change from punishment of the body to punishment of the mind.
