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HIST295 > Prisons & Transportation > Flashcards

Prisons & Transportation Flashcards

1
Q

What was Foucault’s view of prisons?

A

Stressed that the shift to imprisonment was a shift from punishing the body to punishing the mind.

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2
Q

What were the new attitudes towards prisons in Britain in the 1770s based on?

A
  • Becarrias ideas of crime and punishment.
  • Ideas about hard labor, solitary confinement, religion, and reform
  • John Howards perception of the poor conditions in most prisons
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3
Q

What did the 1776 American Revolution mark the end of?

A

Transportation

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4
Q

Where were prisoners housed in Britain, and what did this allow for?

A

In Hulks, which allowed for hard labor for male offenders (Act 1776)

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5
Q

What was the aim of the 1779 penitentiary act which failed and instead expanded old prisoners?

A

To build new prisons

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6
Q

When were new prisons built?

A

The 1790s

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7
Q

What were the key changes when new prisons were built in the 1790s?

A
  • Separation of prisoners according to sex and offence type
  • Additional hard labor
  • Separate cells of offenders and extreme solitary confinement
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8
Q

Where was transportation used as an alternative to capital punishment?

A

In England and France

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9
Q

What did the 1718 transportation act do?

A

Sentenced prisoners to transportation to American prisons

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10
Q

When did transportation stop due to the American Revolution?

A

1776

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11
Q

When did the transportation to Australia commence?

A

`1787

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12
Q

What were the complaints made about transportation in the 1830s?

A

Failed to deter or reform criminals and the use of inhumane conditions

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13
Q

What happened in the 1840s?

A

The number of people transported declined

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14
Q

What did the penal servitude act of 1857 do?

A

Abolished transportation and penal servitude was established

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15
Q

In France what was the consequence of people being transported to Guyane in 1797?

A

People died of yellow fever

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16
Q

What was Spierenbrug’s view of prisons

A

The prison made penal reformers look ‘bad’ because of economic gain

17
Q

What Was Emsley’s view of penal reformers?

A

Penal reformer are committed to penal reform for humanitarian purposes

18
Q

When were Houses of Correction’s established?

A

16th century.

19
Q

What was the purpose of Houses of Corrections?

A
  • Labour and training

- Reform vagrants & thieves through hard labour and industrious habits.

20
Q

What happened in Houses of Corrections in England?

A
  • Incarceration was short
  • hard labour
  • Most were whipped
21
Q

What happened in the 17th century in relation to Houses of Corrections?

A

Judges used them to imprison criminals.

22
Q

True or false: Prison conditions that grew out of houses of corrections were usually in a bad state.

A

True

23
Q

What occurred as a result of the French 1791 new law codes?

A
  • Imprisonment was the main punishment

- New prisons for certain types of crimes (never went ahead because of lack of money)

24
Q

What was involved in the French 1810 penal regime?

A
  • Work
  • Differentiation (Separation of those awaiting trial, short & long term prisoners. Men, Women and children no longer incarcerated together)
  • Rehabilitation
25
Q

What were French reformers inspired by in the U.S?

A

Their prisons, particularly ones in Auburn, because of the total separation and night and silence during the day.

26
Q

What did French prisons experiment with?

A

Solitary confinement

27
Q

What was the purpose of the French commune in 1971?

A

To investigate prisons

28
Q

Where was transportation used in 1848?

A

Algeria

29
Q

What did Charles Lucas say about transportation in the 1870s?

A

That it was irrational and immoral

30
Q

Where was transportation used in 1852?

A

French Guina

HIST295 (17 decks)

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