School-Age Communication DIsorders (The population) Flashcards
1
Q
School Age
A
-School-age is defined by IDEA as 3-21 years
Depends on state how & where 3-5 year old children served (in KY public school works with this population)
- Classification under IDEA makes it difficult to find S-L cases
- May be a related service under another diagnosis
- Can stay in until after student is 21 (as long as a child is 21 when the year starts)
2
Q
Philosophy and Interpretations of IDEA
A
- Philosophy of district and/or professional may significantly under-identify and under-serve adolescents with S-L needs (critical period hypothesis mindset which is not true)
- Current interpretations of IDEA have allowed failure to serve children with scores in 1st percentile rank (adverse academic impact= kid fails a grade)
3
Q
S-L service statistics
A
- ASHA reported 10.5% increase in S-L services from 1988-89 to 1997-98
- 8-12% preschool children with LI
- 5-8% older children with LI
- Average age of service 8.6 years
- Suggests that older children vastly underserved, as average age of child with LD is 12.5 years old
4
Q
Statistics about school caseloads
A
- Fall 2003: 1,460,583 (24.1% of special ed population) on school caseloads as a primary disability. Speech and language
- 79,522 (1.3%) for hearing impairment
- More students than this have a primary disability other than s/l or hearing and receive the services as a secondary condition
- Even more get s/l intervention as a related service due to autism
5
Q
IDEA classifications- 13
A
- Intellectual disability
- hearing impairment, including deafness
- speech or language impairment
- visual impairment, including blindness
- serious emotional disturbance (hereafter referred to as emotional disturbance)
- orthopedic impairment
- autism
- traumatic brain injury
- other health impairment (ADD/ADHD, sensory)
- specific learning disability
- deaf-blindness
- multiple disabilities
6
Q
ARC Committee
A
Admission and release committee
7
Q
Educator’s Diagnostic Manual
A
- approximately 84% of all children and youth ages 6–21 receiving special education are reported under four disability categories:
1) Specific Learning Disabilities (47.2%)
2) Speech and Language Impairment (18.8%)
3) Intellectual Disability (9.6%)
4) Emotional Disturbance (8.1%)
8
Q
Learning disabilities
A
- As defined by association of LD: significant difficulty in the acquisition and/or use of reading, writing, speaking, listening, math and social skills
- LD definition dates from late 1970’s
- Social skills added later
- Wallach & Butler suggested “language learning disabled” term
9
Q
LD as defined as IDEA
A
- As defined by IDEA: disorder in one or more processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language
- Manifestations may include imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or do mathematical calculations
- LLD still fits
10
Q
Adolescents
A
- 24-84% of adolescents in juvenile detention centers have communication impairment
- Stats for LD in JD centers are similar
- Auditory processing disorder is very high prevalence in JDC inmates
- Similar stats for adult incarcerated population
11
Q
Concomitant
A
- TBI, CVA, seizure
- ADD
- FAS
- ASD
- ID
- Syndromes
- CP
- Psychiatric disorders
12
Q
Attention Deficit Disorder
A
Cluster of syndromes:
- Short attention span
- Difficulty concentrating
- Poor impulse control
- Distractibility
- Mood swings
- +/- learning disability
- +/- hyperactivity
Often have executive function disability
13
Q
ADD 1
A
Attention Deficit Disorder
- Not typically considered LI historically
- Westby & Cutler (1994, in Larson & McKinley) suggest DSM-IV identifying behaviors are:
1. Pragmatic deficits-interrupt, walk away, don’t finish sentences
2. Metacognitive deficits
Paul (2001) places ADD under psychiatric disorders
14
Q
ADD 2
A
- Role of medication
- Context dependent—may attend well in a motivating situation
- ADD/ADHD concomitant with many other disorders, including Fragile X, autism, LD, SLI
(comorbid) - It is often best to test children with ADHD more than once on a test.
15
Q
FAS/FAE 1
A
- Caused by maternal drinking of unspecified critical amount
- Fetal age & maternal age/# of pregnancies thought to be factors in determination of FAS or FAE
- FAS reserved for facial features, small size and some other characteristics
- FAE usually lacks physical characteristics
16
Q
FAS/ FAE 2
A
- Possible birth defects of heart, limbs, palate
- Delayed intellectual development
- Delayed language development
- Behavioral issues (transitions, poor cause-effect, temper tantrums)
- Social communication skills impaired
- Academic difficulties language related:
—-Listening, abstract thinking, memory, reading comprehension, and more
- Impulse control is one of the biggest issues.
17
Q
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 1
A
- Autism/Pervasive developmental disorders/PDD-NOS (not otherwise specified)
- Autism
- Asperger’s syndrome
- Rett’s disorder (no longer female only)
- Childhood Disintegrative disorder
- PDD-NOS- pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
- Rett’s- Usually occurs around age 2, children look typical until that point and then they stop developing and start to regress
18
Q
ASD 2
A
- Autism and ID often co-occur (80% are MR, according to Paul)
- Asperger’s Syndrome difficulty in nonverbal communication and other pragmatic areas, including adaptive behavior
- May be underserved, as will score within average range on standardized language tests
19
Q
Intellectual Disability
A
- Terminology varies by state
- Down Syndrome
- Fragile X
- Language development is mostly typical in progression, at later ages, slower rate- you will plateau and then start changing
20
Q
Other Category
A
- Cerebral Palsy (CP)
- Hearing Impaired
- Deaf-blind
- Other syndromes
