Schizophrenia Spectrum And Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
What is the criteria for schizophrenia?
A. At least 2 for one month. 1. Hallucinations. 2. Delusions. 3. Disorganised speech. 4. Disorganised or catatonic behaviour 5. Negative symptoms B. Decreased functioning C. Signs of disorder for at least six months
What are the symptoms of schizophrenia
Hallucinations. Delusions Disorganised speech Disorganised or catatonic behaviour Negative symptoms
Describe hallucinations
False perceptions… can be:
- auditory
- visual
- olfactory
- tactile
Define delusions
Firmly held beliefs that have no basis in reality
Lost the 8 types of delusions
Delusion of prosecution Delusion of reference Delusion of grandeur Delusion of sin and guilt Somatic delusions Nihilistic delusions Religious delusions Delusions of control or influence
What are delusions of reference
Beliefs that thins in the environment are about them.
What are nihilistic delusions
Beliefs that self or others don’t exist
What are the three kinds of delusions of control or influence?
Thought broadcasting
Thought insertion
Thought withdrawal
Give six examples of disorganised speech
Loosening of association Poverty of content Neologism Perseveration Clanging Word salad
Define neologism
Made up words
Describe perseveration
Keep repeating same sentence or thought over and over
Describe clanging
Speaking in rhymes
What are the four kinds of disorganised behaviour
Stereotypes movement
Inappropriate behaviour
Inappropriate affect
Poor goal directed behaviour
Describe stereotype movement
Repetitive movement that serves no purpose
Describe inappropriate affect
Inappropriate emotional response like laughing when something sad occurs
Give the 8 types of catatonic behaviour
Catatonic stupor Mutism Bizarre posturing Waxy flexibility Catatonic rigidity Echolalia Exhopraxia Catatonic negativism
Define catatonic stupor
Does not respond to environment
Describe exholalia
Repeat word for word what someone is saying
Echopraxia
Parroting what others are doing
Catatonic negativism
So opposit of what someone is saying to do
What are the 5 negative symptoms
Lack of speech Reduce or lack of emotional expression Decreased motivation Social withdrawal Poor attention
What are the additional features?
•some experience a change in perception >visual illusions >disturbingly acute hearring >difficulty in identifying people >difficulty in understanding others >changes in smell •breakdown of selective attention is common • 1% of population • range of level of impairement • disturbed sleep patterns • poor social support • overrepresentation in prison. • high rate of suicide • abuse of alcohol and drugs
What are the three phases of schizophrenia
The prodromal phase
The active (acute) phase
The residual phase
What characterises the prodromal phase ?
Withdrawal and socially isolated
Neglect appearance and hygiene
Performance in school or work deteriorates
Shallow or inappropriate emotions
What characterise the active phase
Prominent psychotic symptoms
What characterises the residual phase
Similar symptoms to the prodromal phase
What are the possible causes of schizophrenia?
•biology
>genetics
> brain abnormalities : enlargemed ventricles
> neurotransmitters: overactivity of dopamine receptors
>complications of feral development
•diathesis stress model : cannabis use
> stress : affects onset, affects relapse
•family
>may contribute to relapse
> if high in expresses emotions : criticism, hostility, emotional over involvement
What are the two important treatments for schizophrenia
Antipsychotics
Psychosocial intervention
What proportion of people with schizophrenia are helped by antipsychotics
60 to 80%
What are the side effects of antipsychotics
Sedating Constipation Blurred vision Dry mouth Muscle rigidity Tremors Tradive dykenesia
Define tardive dyskinesia
Movement disorder characterised by involuntary movements of the face, mouth, neck, trunk, or extremities caused by long term use of antipsychotic medication
What are psychosocial interventions
•psychosocial rehabilitation -living skills -social skills •family therapy •vocational rehabilitation
