schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Question 1

mental disorder in which the thoughts, affectiv response, ability to recognize reality, and ability to communicate and relate to tohers are sufficiencyly impaired to interfere grossly with the capacity to deal with reality; the classical characteristics are impaired reality testing, hallucinations, delusions, and illlusions

Answer 1

what is a psychosis

Question 2

schizophrenia spectrum disorders include:

schizophrenia

other psychotic disorders

schizotypal (personality disorders)

catatonia

brief psychotic disorder

schizophreniform disorder

substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder

psychotic disorder due to another medical condition

Question 3

what are 4 positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 3

delusions

hallucinations

disorganized thinking

grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior(inculding catatonia)

Question 4

what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?(4)

Answer 4

diminished emotional expression

avolition (decreased in motivated and self-initiated purposeful activity)

alogia(diminished speech output)

anhedonia(diminished ability to experience pleasure)

asociality (lack on interest in social interactions)

Question 5

________are psychotic behaviors not seen in healthy people such as delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking and speech

ppl with _____often lose touch with reality.

tehse symptoms come and go.

sometimes the yare severe and other times hardly noticeable depending on whether the individual is receviving treatment

Answer 5

positive sympotms

Question 6

can be mistaken for depression

flat affect (a perosn’s face does not move or he or she talks in a dull monotonous voice)

lack of pleasure in everyday life

lack of ability to being and sustain planned activities

speaking little, even when forced to interact

**need help with everyday tasks b/c ppl with these symtpoms neglect personal hygeine **

Answer 6

negative symptoms

Question 7

for how long must a schizophrenic pt have been sick to diagnose pt with schizophrenia?

Answer 7

6 months or more

Question 8

what is a generic term for a state in which reality testing is impaired ?

Answer 8

psychosis

Question 9

which disorders are characterized by delusions or hallucinations and varying degrees of disorganized though, speech, behavior, and social impairment that affect the patient’s ability to meet the ordinary demands of life

Answer 9

psychotic disorder

Question 10

what are the cardinal symptoms of psychosis (2)

Answer 10

hallucinations - internally generated perceptions

delusions - fixed false beliefs

Question 11

_________ the is MC psychotic disorder and affects ______% of world’s pop

Answer 11

schizophrenia; 1%

Question 12

t/f. both genders are equally affected in schizophrenia, but the disorder tends to present earlier in life in males

Answer 12

true

Question 13

schizophrenia is usually _______with periods of remssion and exacerbation

Answer 13

chronic

Question 14

t/f. persons with schinzoprhenia have a reduced life expectancy of about 1 decaede and often suffer from comorbid problems, including substane use, tobacco use, difficulity accessing primary care, and obstacles to manage chronic health conditions that likely contribute to early mortality

Answer 14

true

Question 15

death by sucicide occurs in _______% of cases in schizophrenia

Answer 15

10-15%

Question 16

three groups of schizophrenia symptoms?

Answer 16

positive

negative cognitive

Question 17

delusions

hallucinations

though disorder

movement abnormality

are all what type of schizophrenia symptoms?

Answer 17

positive

Question 18

what are false bellifest that are not changed by reason or evidence that contorvert them?

Answer 18

delusions

Question 19

what are the most common type of hallucinations in schizophrenia?

Answer 19

auditory

Question 20

characterized by loose associations (derailment) where ideas are strung together in a random, convoluted manner such that listenr cannot understand or make sense of the person’s converation

Answer 20

thought disorder in schizophrenia

Question 21

what is the disorder in which schizophrenia symptoms last less than 6 months?

Answer 21

schizophreniform disorder

Question 22

loss of meaning due to random connections/loose associatins between ideas

Answer 22

derailment

Question 23

response to questions are only partially or remotely connected to the topic

Answer 23

tangential

Question 24

excessively detailed or circuitous speech, yet still responsive to questions

Answer 24

circumstantial

Question 25

creation of words with unique meaning understood only by the individual

Answer 25

neologism

Question 26

losing track of the goal of speech and not being able to return to the topic

Answer 26

blocking

Question 27

complete disregard for conventions of word useage or grammar, incoherence

Answer 27

word salad

Question 28

the sounds of words, instead of the meanings or conventions of speech, determine the flow of speech

Answer 28

clanging

Question 29

repetition of words or phrases

Answer 29

perseveration

Question 30

what are the three phases of schizophrenia?

Answer 30

prodromal active residual

Question 31

gradual change in behavior that may appear as personality or mood change (aloofness, preoccupation, moodiness, oddities of though or behavior) lasting weeks to months

Answer 31

prodromal

Question 32

classic findings of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and behavior. may include agitation, sleeplessness, and dangerous behaviors

Answer 32

active phase of schizo

Question 33

continuing oddities of thinking and behavior, often with prominent negative and cognitive symptoms. delusions or hallucinations are typically absent

Answer 33

residual

Question 34

what are apects of normal function that schizophrenia impairs?

Answer 34

negative symptoms

Question 35

include: disturbances of affect or emotional tone (flat, blunted or labile affect), poverty of speech(alogia), inability to experience pleasure(anhedonia), lack of motivation (avolition), and social withdrawal (asociality)

Answer 35

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 36

congintive symptoms in schizophrenia. name 2

Answer 36

impaired focus and attention deficits in working memory

Question 37

what is the natural history of schizophrenia? 3 phases

Answer 37

prodomal active residual

Question 38

what are the two criteria that must be met to make the active diagnosis of schizophrenia?

Answer 38

1. a**n active phase with prominent psychotic symptoms lasting \> 1 month**, unless symptoms are interrupted by effective treatment 2. t**otal duration of symptoms, regardless of phase of \>6 months **

Question 39

major neuroanatomical changes have been observed repeatedly in some or most \_\_\_\_\_. these include 1. decreased blood flow to the frontal lobes 2. thinning of the medial temporal lobe cortex 3. the frontal cortex 4. small anterior portions of the hippocampus 5. enlarged lateral and 3rd cerebral ventricles

Answer 39

changes in schizophrenic brains

Question 40

drugs that relieve positive schizophrenia symptoms all do what?

Answer 40

block the dopamine D2 receptor

Question 41

what is the dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenia?

Answer 41

increased activity of dopamine in subcortical mesolimbic brain regions produces positive symptoms, while hypofunction or alterations of DA na other neutrotransmitters in the PFC correspond to negative symptoms

Question 42

ppl with this disorder have all the cardinal manifestations of schizophrenia, but recover in less than 6 months

Answer 42

schizophreniform disorder

Question 43

major depression or mania co-occur w/psychotic symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia psychotic symptoms persist during periods when the mood symptoms are absent for \>2 weeks acut tx = combo of antipsychotic meds + antidepressant or mood stabilizer

Answer 43

schizoaffective disorder

Question 44

present with an isolated non-bizzare delusion of a persecutory, jealous, somatic, or grandiose type. organization of thought, personality, and social functioning remain relatively unaffected

Answer 44

delusional disorder

Question 45

transient psychosis that develops suddenly, usually after a highly stressful life event. it remits rapidly with minimum intervention, and does not typically develop a pattern of recurrence

Answer 45

brief psychotic disorder

Question 46

(decreased in motivated and self-initiated purposeful activity) (diminished speech output) (diminished ability to experience pleasure) (lack on interest in social interactions)

Answer 46

**avolition** (decreased in motivated and self-initiated purposeful activity) **alogia**(diminished speech output) **anhedonia(**diminished ability to experience pleasure) **asociality** (lack on interest in social interactions)

Question 47

what is a persistent, prominent delusion and/or hallucination that developedduring or soon after a substance intoxication or withdrawal, or after expsoure to a meication that is capable of producing these symptoms: NOT THE SAME AS DELIRIUM!! Important caveat: the condition would not be better explained by a pre-existing psychotic disorder

Answer 47

substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder

Question 48

evidence from the history, physcial, and labs that the psychosis is due to the phsysiological effects of a medical condition, did not precede the onset of the medical condition, and does not exclusively occur during a delirium. EX: malingant lung neoplasm, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, hypothyroidism

Answer 48

pscychotic condition due to another medication condition

Question 49

what is a severe pscyhomotor disturbance; may be associated with many different disorders, including schizophrenia, depressive stupor, and a variety of other medical conditions NOTE: CAN BE LIFE threatening

Answer 49

catatonia

Question 50

characterized by altered mental status, lasting hours to days. potentially life threatening.

Answer 50

delirium