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Psychiatry > Personality and Impulse control disorders > Flashcards

Personality and Impulse control disorders Flashcards

1
Q

enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expecations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has its onset in adolsence or early childhood, is stable over time, and leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupations, or other important areas of functining

A

personality disorder

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2
Q
  1. what is the prevalence of personality disorders in the general population?
  2. when do they start? with signs in? when are patterns established
  3. what are late-onset personality changes suggestive of?
A
  1. 10-20% of the general population
  2. often start in late adolescence, often with signs in childhood; established patterns in early adulthood
  3. late onset changes suggestive of other undiagnsoed “other problem” (dementia, substance abuse, medical illness, neurological problem)
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3
Q

the following 5 traits below are examples of what?

  1. emotional stability - neuroticism
  2. agreeableeness- antagonism
  3. extraversion - introversion
  4. conscientiousness -constraint
  5. openness to experience - eccentric
A

lasting trait dimensions that cut across cultures

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4
Q

emotional stablitiy

agreeableness

extraversion

conscientiousness

and openness to experience are all traits that predict what? (H+D JARD)?

A

H-ealth and Mortality

Job performance

Academic success

Relationships (capacity for lasting relationships)

Drug abuse and criminality

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5
Q

according to Frued, what does fixation at an early age prevent?

A

fixation at early stage prevents healthy personality development

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6
Q

according to Ericskon, what needs to be mastered at certain stages of development?

A

certain taskts

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7
Q

what are ppl born in chaos deficient in?

A

basic trust (Erickson)

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8
Q

extended early emotional trauma and abuse have been shown to adversely____1___ skills, as well as ____2__ development.

Traumatized pts are overrepresentd in the medical population

A
  1. coping
  2. brain
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9
Q

what are defense mechanisms?

what happens to early trauma?

A

cognitive strategies to help deal with stressful information.

early trauma = often “repressed” ie not accessible to conscious memory

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10
Q

inocming information that is threatening or contradictory to stored memory is refuted

A

denial

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11
Q

perceptions of events that are threatening or contradictory to past experiences are neither recognized nor retrievable from memory

A

repression

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12
Q

an event or memory ir re-conceptualized in sufficiently abstract terms to “distance” it from its original referent and associated conditioned emotional responses

A

intellectualization

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13
Q

an idea, feeling, or behavior inconsistent with one’s self-concept is attributed to another person

A

projection

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14
Q

stress is responded to using cognitive processes from earlier developmental stages associated with periods of less stressful coping

A

regression

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15
Q

what are 5 common defense mechanisms?

A

denial

repression

intellectualization

projection

regression

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16
Q

what are the three personality clusters? (WWW)

A

weird

wild

worried

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17
Q

cluster A = weird = odd and eccentric

what are the three disorders here(PSS)?

A

paranoid personality

schizoid personality

schizotypal personality

note: biological relatives of ppl w/schizophrenai are often cluster A

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18
Q

which disorder described?

always look for wrong-doings and hidden malicious meaning

rigid, defensive, and self-rightenous

preoccupied w/doubts of others’ motives

suspicious of partner’s fidelity

very unforgiving of mistakes

often-uses the defense mechanism of “projection” (blaming)

A

paranoid personality

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19
Q

which disorder?

solitary loner

_does NOT WANT or seek close relationships _

chooses solitary jobs and night shifts

takes pleasure in few, if any, activities

emotionally cold, detached,

(may be the premorbid pahse of schizoprhenia)

A

schizoid personality

20
Q

what is the key feature of schizoid personality disorder?

A

they do not want relationships or seek close relationships

21
Q

what is the difference btw schizoid personality and social phobia?

A

schizoid personality: **DOES NOT desire social relationships **

Social phobia= social anxiety =

-desires friends

  • afraid of embarrassment
  • avoids social contacts b/c of anxiety
22
Q

what is described below:

cognitive and perceptual distortions and eccentricities(not while on drugs); odd appearance; odd speech(vague, methaphorial, over-elaborate); no close friends or associates

suspicous

magical thinking

**OFTEN ODD enough that psychosis is suspected, but pt. is not psychotic (ie still in touch w/reality) **

A

schizotypal personality

23
Q

which disoder defiend by: odd enouth that psychosis is suspected, but pt is not psychotic (ie still in touch with reality)

A

schizotypal personality

24
Q

impulsive, erratic, mood swings

life long pattern of instability

high on “extraversion” dimension

short attention span

intense, stormy relationships

multiple marriages and divorces

freqeuntly display somatization

common defense mechanisms are denial, projection, and somatization

A

Cluster B

25
Q

which cluster of diseases can often get mistaken with bipolar disease b/c it can co-exist with bipolar disorder?

what is diff about these patients tx?

A

CLUSTER B

patient will not improve with medication, unless personality problems are also addressed in psychotherapy.

26
Q

Antisocial personality disorder:

technical term means the pt _______. Has nothing to do with being not sociable, as in social parlance.

At which age are these pts diagnosed and at which age is the onset of disease?

A
  1. defies social rules
  2. MUST be 18+ for dx; onset or evidence of conduct disorder w/onset B4 age 15.
27
Q

which disorder described?

which cluster?

life long pattern

never at fault, no guilt or remorse

social class diff (white collar crimes in middle class population)

attracted to otehr Cluster B partners

multiple marriages-superficial charmers

A

Antisocial personality disorder = No conscience (moral imbecile)

28
Q

what is described by the following?

which cluster?

MC in women

multiple somatic complaints

highly suggestible, naive

sexually seductive, often unaware

emotinionally labile

imprecise and global in verbal descriptions

FMx of antisocial and alcohol

A

Histrionic

Cluster B

29
Q

which personality disoder?

which cluster?

  1. grandiose sense of self-importance and entitlemen, _overlap w/antisocial _
  2. preoccupied w/self (Narcissus myth)
  3. may be arrogant, devalues others
  4. demanding of special tx
  5. may become suicidal when rejected
A

Narcissitic

30
Q

characterizes which disorder:

unstable moods, mood swings

stormy relationships, poor choices

often confused w/bipolar disorder

splitting

A

borderline personality = a cluster B disorder

31
Q

what is splitting?

A

all or none-thinking - no shades of gray

32
Q

features of what described below:

substance abuse or mis-use

hx of several physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, alcoholic or mentally ill pt

self-injurious behavior, especially wrist-slawhing, self-stabbing, piercing, cutting to see blood

  • suicidal gestures and attempts
  • chronic feelig of emptiness, relived by pain (endorphins?), and by seeking relationships
A

borderline features

33
Q

example of what type of behaviors:

pt has acute emotional stress

seems to require “special tx”

causes agreat deal strike and confusion in social environment

“splitting”

rapid shifts in mood and manner

BOUNDARY ISSUES

A

examples of borderline behavior

34
Q

describes what defense mechanism:

seeing the world only black and white, all good or bad

playing ppl against each other

causes discord and stress in environment

despair and agitation

A

splitting

35
Q

describe cluster C people

A

Anxious, fearful ppl

36
Q

what are the three cluster C disorders?

A

Obsessive compulsive

dependent

avoidant

37
Q

describes which disorder:

rigid, orderly, miserly, anal

excessive devotion to work, humorless

hoards, things, can’t throw anything away

preoccupied with details and rules

schedules everything

gets upset when things don’t work out according to plan

A

Obsessive-compulsive personality

38
Q

describes which personality:

excessive need to be cared for

urgently seeks attachement

cannot be alone

cannot make independent decisions

clinging

insecure

A

dependent personality

39
Q

describes which personality disorder:

closely linked to anxiety disorders

cannot take risks

avoids conflict and responsbillity

procrastinates

passive-agressive behavior

goest to great lengths to avoid being judged

A

avoidant

40
Q

what are three most important aspects in the tx of personality disorders:

A
  1. understand the pts story, especially hx of trauma and abuse
  2. find and support the patient’s strengths
  3. MAINTAIN good, firm boundaries
41
Q

what are the three, disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders (aka externalizing disoders) AKA KIP

A

Kleptomania (stealing)

Intermittent explosive disorder

Pyromania (fire-setting)

42
Q

t/f DSM-5 now considers gambling as an “addictive disorder”

A

TRUE

43
Q

what is trichotillomania?

A

compulsive hair pulling. now listed under Obessive-compulsive in DSM-5

44
Q

What is excoriation disorder?

A

skin-picking

45
Q

tx of personality disorders:

psychological issues, including dysfunctional defense mechansisms, play a major part in any and all of these disoders. these pts do best w/supportive and caring approach that includes firm limits and boundaries. more complex issues needed to be addressed in psychotherapy. meds may be helpful, but are not to be seen as the only (or even primary) tx.

A

Psychiatry (11 decks)

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