Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
what is the diagnostic criteria for Delusional Disorder?
Criterion A. The presence of one (or more) delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer.
Criterion B. Criterion A for schizophrenia has never been met.
Note: Hallucinations, if present, are not prominent and are related to the delusional theme (e.g., the sensation of being infested with insects associated with delusions of
infestation).
Criterion C. Apart from the impact of the delusion(s) or its ramifications, functioning is not markedly impaired, and behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd.
Criterion D. If manic or major depressive episodes have occurred, these have been brief relative
to the duration of the delusional periods.
Criterion E. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition and is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as body dysmorphic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
what are the subtypes of delusional disorder?
- erotomanic type
- grandiose type
- jealous type
- persecutory type
- somatic type
what are the specifiers for Delusional Disorder?
With bizarre content: Delusions are deemed bizarre if they are clearly implausible, not understandable, and not derived from ordinary life experiences (e.g., an individual’s belief that a stranger has removed his or her internal organs
what is the diagnostic criteria for Brief Psychotic Disorder
Criterion A. Presence of one (or more) of the following symptoms. At least one of these must be
(1), (2), or (3):
1. Delusions.
2. Hallucinations.
3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence).
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
Note: Do not include a symptom if it is a culturally sanctioned response.
Criterion B. Duration of an episode of the disturbance is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual full return to premorbid level of functioning.
Criterion C. The disturbance is not better explained by other disorders
what are the specifiers of brief psychotic disorder?
With marked stressor(s) (brief reactive psychosis): If symptoms occur in response to events that, singly or together, would be markedly stressful to almost anyone in a similar
circumstances in the individual’s culture.
Without marked stressor(s): If symptoms do not occur in response to events that, singly or together, would be markedly stressful to almost anyone in similar circumstances in the individual’s culture
With postpartum onset: If onset is during pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum
what is the diagnostic criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder?
Criterion A. Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a
1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3):
1. Delusions.
2. Hallucinations.
3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence).
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
5. Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or abolition).
Criterion B. An episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months. When the
diagnosis must be made without waiting for recovery, it should be qualified as “provisional.” ‘
Criterion C. Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have been ruled out because either:
1 ) no major depressive or manic episodes have occurred
concurrently with the active-phase symptoms, or
2) if mood episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, they have been present for a minority of the total duration
of the active and residual periods of the illness.
D. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition.
what are the specifiers of Schizophreniform Disorder?
With good prognostic features: This specifier requires the presence of at least two of the following features: onset of prominent psychotic symptoms within 4 weeks of the
first noticeable change in usual behavior or functioning; confusion or perplexity: good premorbid social and occupational functioning; and absence of blunted or flat affect.
Without good prognostic features:
This specifier is applied if two or more of the above features have not been present.
what is the diagnostic criteria for Schizoaffective Disorder?
Criterion A. An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with Criterion A of schizophrenia.
Note: The major depressive episode must include Criterion A1: Depressed mood.
Criterion B. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode (depressive or manic) during the lifetime duration of the illness.
Criterion C. Symptoms that meet criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness.
Criterion D. The disturbance is not attributable to the effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse,
a medication) or another medical condition.
what are the subtypes of Schizoaffective Disorder?
Bipolar Type: This subtype applies if a manic episode is part of the presentation. Major depressive episodes may also occur.
Depressive Type: This subtype applies if only major depressive episodes are part of the presentation.
what is the difference of brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform, and schizophrenia?
duration
brief psychotic disorder - 1 day to 1 month
schizophreniform - 1month-6months
schizophrenia - more than 6 months
what’s the difference between schizoaffective and bipolar 1 disorder?
- in schizoaffective disorder, there is no major mood episode for 2 weeks
-in bipolar 1 disorder, the mood is consistent but the psychosis is inconsistent
what is the diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia?
Criterion A. Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3):
1. Delusions.
2. Hallucinations.
3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence).
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
5. Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition).
Criterion B. For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas, such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, is markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset (or when the onset is in childhood or adolescence, there is failure to achieve expected level of interpersonal, academic, or occupational functioning).
Criterion C: Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months
Criterion F: If there is a history of autism spectrum disorder or a communication disorder of
childhood onset, the additional diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations, in addition to the other required symptoms of schizophrenia, are also present for at least 1 month
who coined the term schizophreniform?
Gabriel Langfeldt
who defined schizophrenia as a group of diseases rather than just one disorder?
Eugen Bleuler
what hormone is most involved in the schizophrenia spectrum?
dopamine
what are the four dopaminergic pathways of the brain?
- mesolimbic pathway,
- mesocortical pathway,
- nigrostriatal pathway
- tuberoinfundibular pathway.
what dopaminergic pathways are associated with the negative symptoms?
mesocortical and tuberoinfundibular
what dopaminergic pathways are associated with positive symptoms?
nigrostriatal and mesolimbic
