Schizophrenia / psychotic disorders Flashcards
What is a positive psychotic symptom
Something new to the patient baseline
What is a negative psychotic symptom
Something that is taken away from the patients baseline
What is a delusion
Fixed beliefs that may be false or irrational
-false belief that persists despite evidence of the contrary
What is a persecutory delusion
being threatened, mistreated, or harmed. Form of paranoia
What is a paranoid delusion
Someone or something is out to get them
What is a reference delusion
Message to the person embedded in media
What is a control delusion
Others are trying to control thoughts and behaviors
What is a somatic delusion
Belief that there is something wrong with body (bugs or odors)
What is a grandiose delusion
Special powers, wealth, mission, identity
What is Nihilistic delusions
Delusion of being dead, not existing, losing body or organs
What is a delusion of doubles
Capgras syndrome
Someone that is important to them is replaced by an identical imposter (can apply to inanimate objects or animals)
What is a hallucination
Perceptions in the absence of external stimuli
What are the different catagories of hallucinations
auditory -> more common in functional psychosis
Visual and tactile -> more common in secondary psychosis
What are the types of hallucinations
auditory
visual
olfactory
gustatory
tactile
somatic
What are negative symptoms of thought disorders
Emotional and behavioral deficits
What are examples of negative symptoms in thought disorders
Apathy
diminished affect
social withdrawal
What are examples of a change in cognitive function
Executive disfunction problems
memory and attention problems
What are the first line antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
*Deal with both positive symptoms
What are the second line antipsychotics
Clozapine
Risperidone
Olanzapine
Aripiprazole
Quetiapine
*Used for both positive and negative symptoms
What are some medication adverse effects
Anticholinergic effects
Autonomic side effects
ECG changes
EPS
Metabolic and endocrine effects
What are some other treatment options besides antipsychotics for those with psychosis
Antidepressants
Antimanics
Anticonvulsants
benzos
ECT
What is schizophrenia
Loss of contact with reality
What are the types of schizophrenia
Brief psychotic disorder
Schizophreniform disorder
Schizophrenia
Schizoeffective disorder
Delusional disorder
What is the most common and serious chronic psychotic disorder
Schizophrenia
What are the possible pathophys of schizophrenia
Abnormalities in neurotransmission
neurochemical imbalance
abnormalities of brain tissue or structure
What is the dopamine hypothesis with schizophrenia
Abnormalities at the dopamine receptor sites leading to decreased dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
What structural changes will be seen in the brain in those with schizophrenia
Reduction in total brain size
Loss of gray matter
Enlarged lateral and third ventricle
Left hemisphere dysfunction
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Hallucinations
delusions
disorganized speech
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Diminished sociability
restricted affect
poverty of speech
What is the goal of schizophrenic treatment
Optimize function
prevent suicide
manage complication
-psychosocial treatment
-Antipsychotic medications
What will you see in children who present with schizophrenia
Trouble telling dreams from reality
extreme moodiness
social withdrawal
lack of emotional expression
*12 years or older
Which gender is more effected by schizophrenia in childhood
Males
What is schizoaffective disorder
Patient is schizophrenic with the addition of affective symptoms
*affective symptoms are present prior to or during psychosis
How do you differentiate between mood disorders and schizoaffective disorder
Having 2 weeks of psychotic symptoms without mood symptoms
What is the only FDA approves schizoaffective disorder treatment
Paliperidone
What is schizophreniform disorder
Patient meets schizophrenia criteria but the duration has been less than 6 months
“short term schizophrenic disorder”
What is used as treatment of schizophreniform disorder
Second generation antipsychotics
What is delusional disorder
Delusions are present for at least a month in the absence of schizophrenia
-daily function is minimally impaired
What is delusional disorder
Delusions are present for at least a month in the absence of schizophrenia
-daily function is minimally impaired
